Studying the oviposition of Anopheles gambiae: the development of novel tools for

研究冈比亚按蚊的产卵：开发新工具

• 批准号: 8484495
• 负责人: Steve Lindsay
• 金额: $ 26.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-24 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8484495
• 关键词: Studying; oviposition; Anopheles; gambiae; development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sub-Saharan Africa bares the brunt of the world's malaria burden, with nearly 80% of all cases occurring in this region. However, we are now at a turning point in the history of malaria control in Africa. For the first time in a generation reports of malaria declining have become common due to high coverage with long-lasting insecticide treated nets and the prompt and effective treatment of clinical cases. In order to maintain these hard won gains and to make further reductions in malaria transmission it is important to improve and develop new strategies for vector control, which will be applicable in different environments, affordable, and complement existing interventions, so that greater reductions in malaria transmission can be achieved. This project aims to develop more efficient and cost-effective methods for controlling and monitoring Anopheles gambiae populations, the major vector of malaria in Africa. This approach is underpinned by multi-disciplinary research to identify the visual and olfactory stimuli that cause female An. gambiae to lay eggs at certain sites and not others. Such knowledge will be used to (1) identify important breeding sites and selectively treat preferred sites with novel, long-lasting and environmentally friendly larvicides and (2) provide a rational basis for developing traps to monitor adult mosquitoes. Specifically we propose to test: (1) if bacteria-generated volatiles from aquatic habitats function as oviposition semiochemicals; (2) whether the bacterial communities and chemicals released from and present in stagnant water bodies differ between sites with and without An. gambiae larvae, (3) test novel residual larvicides (pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator and a silicon-based monomolecular surface film) against An. gambiae and (5) develop an oviposition trap for collecting gravid An. gambiae. Therefore, the performance of two relatively novel agents, will be evaluated under laboratory and field conditions and their potential in an 'attract-and-kill' strategy combining findings from all specific objectives tested. Most of these studies will be carried out in the laboratory, in enclosed greenhouses and in the field in Kenya. However, some of the detailed chemical analysis will need to be carried out in specialised laboratories in Sweden. The findings from this study may lead to the development of new sampling and control tools for malaria vectors. Such tools would be valuable additions to an Integrated Vector Management package for the control of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Integrated vector management (IVM) is seen as the future for vector control. This project aims to develop and test new tools for sampling and killing gravid malaria mosquitoes as well as test the efficacy of two new larvicides. Attacking gravid females and the aquatic stages of the vector are potential strategies that could be incorporated into IVM programmes in the future. Not only would attacking both adult and larval stages result in much greater control than can be achieved with insecticide-treated bednets and indoor-residual spaying alone, they may also offer mechanisms for the management of pyrethroid-resistance and alternatives to DDT usage.

描述(申请人提供)：撒哈拉以南非洲是世界疟疾负担最严重的地区，近80%的病例发生在该地区。然而，我们现在正处于非洲疟疾控制历史的转折点。由于长效驱虫蚊帐的高复盖率以及对临床病例的迅速和有效治疗，疟疾下降的报告在一代人中第一次变得普遍。为了保持这些来之不易的成果并进一步减少疟疾传播，重要的是改进和制定新的媒介控制战略，这些战略将适用于不同的环境，负担得起，并补充现有的干预措施，以便能够更大程度地减少疟疾传播。该项目旨在开发更有效和更具成本效益的方法来控制和监测冈比亚按蚊种群，冈比亚按蚊是非洲疟疾的主要传播媒介。这一方法得到了多学科研究的支持，以确定导致女性AN的视觉和嗅觉刺激。冈比亚按蚊在某些地点产卵，而不在其他地点产卵。这些知识将被用来(1)确定重要的滋生地点，并有选择地使用新型、持久和环境友好的杀幼虫剂处理优先地点，以及(2)为开发捕蚊器以监测成年蚊子提供合理的基础。具体地说，我们建议测试：(1)来自水生栖息地的细菌产生的挥发物是否起到产卵信号化学物质的作用；(2)从滞留水体中释放和存在的细菌群落和化学物质是否在有和没有AN的地点之间存在差异。冈比亚幼虫，(3)测试新型残留幼虫剂(吡虫醚、昆虫生长调节剂和硅基单分子表面膜)对印度按蚊的防治效果。冈比亚和(5)开发产卵捕捉器收集妊娠蚊子。冈比亚亚目。因此，将在实验室和现场条件下评估两种相对新颖的制剂的性能，并结合所有测试的特定目标的结果来评估它们在“吸引并杀死”战略中的潜力。 这些研究中的大多数将在肯尼亚的实验室、封闭温室和田间进行。然而，一些详细的化学分析将需要在瑞典的专门实验室进行。这项研究的发现可能导致开发新的疟疾病媒抽样和控制工具。这些工具将是撒哈拉以南非洲控制疟疾的综合病媒管理一揽子计划的宝贵补充。 综合病媒管理(IVM)被视为病媒控制的未来。该项目旨在开发和测试新的工具，以采样和杀死妊娠疟疾蚊子，并测试两种新杀幼虫剂的效果。攻击怀孕雌性蚊子和媒介的水生阶段是未来可纳入综合防治方案的潜在战略。攻击成虫和幼虫不仅会产生比单独使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐和室内残留喷洒更好的控制效果，而且它们还可能提供管理拟除虫菊酯抗性的机制和滴滴涕使用的替代方案。