Timing and Associative Learning

计时和联想学习

• 批准号: 8076590
• 负责人: Peter D. Balsam
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: BARNARD COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-03-05 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8076590
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Affect; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Biological; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Data; Development; Disease; Event; Foundations; Future; Goals; Grant; Information Theory; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Learning; Maps; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Metaphor; Modeling; Motor; Nature; Neurobiology; Outcome; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Process; Property; Psychological reinforcement; Schizophrenia; Series; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; Structure; Surface; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Time Perception; Work; base; classical conditioning; experience; flexibility; high risk behavior; information processing; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to time underlies adaptive behavior. Skilled motor sequences are carefully timed. Decisions about whether or not to take an action depend on knowledge of when they are appropriate. Memories for how long actions usually take underlies most ordinary activity such as planning a day or knowing how long it takes to cross a street. This learning of time is largely automatic is a foundation of behavioral organization. Disordered timing and distorted anticipation are associated with a number of psychiatric disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia and depression. The purpose of this grant is to understand how times are learned, remembered and used to guide behavior. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: There are deficits in timing and anticipation in many behavior disorders. Depression, schizophrenia and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder are all associated with distortions in time perception and changes in the capacity to anticipate predictable events. Drug-taking and other habitual high-risk behaviors are associated with diminished capacity to anticipate long-term consequences. An understanding of the mechanisms of anticipatory learning will lead to more widespread and effective behavioral and biological treatments.

描述（由申请人提供）： 掌握时间的能力是适应性行为的基础。熟练的运动序列经过精心计时。是否采取行动的决定取决于对何时采取适当行动的了解。对行动通常需要多长时间的记忆是大多数普通活动的基础，例如计划一天或知道过马路需要多长时间。这种时间学习很大程度上是自动的，是行为组织的基础。混乱的时间安排和扭曲的预期与许多精神疾病有关，包括注意力缺陷多动障碍、精神分裂症和抑郁症。这笔赠款的目的是了解时间是如何被学习、记忆和用来指导行为的。公共卫生相关性：许多行为障碍都存在时机和预期缺陷。抑郁症、精神分裂症和注意力缺陷多动障碍都与时间感知的扭曲和预测可预测事件的能力的变化有关。吸毒和其他习惯性高风险行为与预测长期后果的能力下降有关。对预期学习机制的理解将导致更广泛和有效的行为和生物治疗。