Neural circuits for visual feature detection

用于视觉特征检测的神经电路

• 批准号: 10369404
• 负责人: Mark Arthur Frye
• 金额: $ 38.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2025-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10369404
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Acetylcholine; Affect; Architecture; Attention; Bathing; Behavior; Behavioral; Biogenic Amines; Biological Models; Calcium; Cells; Clutterings; Complex; Coupled; Degenerative Disorder; Detection; Discrimination; Disease; Distributional Activity; Drosophila genus; Eye; Functional disorder; Funding; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Techniques; Glutamates; Goals; Human; Hybrids; Image; Individual; Inherited; Lead; Locomotion; Maps; Measures; Modeling; Motion; Movement; Mus; Nervous system structure; Neurobiology; Neurons; Neurotransmitters; Norepinephrine; Optic Lobe; Optics; Output; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Photic Stimulation; Physiological; Population; Process; Property; Reporter; Reporting; Research; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Saccades; Signal Transduction; Spatial Distribution; Speed; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Synapses; System; Testing; Traumatic injury; United States; Vision; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual attention; Writing; base; detector; disability; feature detection; fly; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; ganglion cell; gaze; in vivo imaging; insight; kinematics; luminance; motor control; neural circuit; neuronal circuitry; neuroregulation; nonhuman primate; novel; object motion; optogenetics; postsynaptic; presynaptic; receptive field; response; retinotopic; selective attention; spatiotemporal; therapy development; two-photon; virtual reality; visual plasticity; visual processing; visual stimulus

A significant percentage of people in the US suffer from disabilities resulting from traumatic injury, stroke, or degenerative disease which cause deficits in visual perception. Therefore, an understanding of the basic circuit neurobiology and neuromodulation of feature-based visual perception will sharpen our understanding of the mechanism of visual processing, and should facilitate the development of treatments for these disabilities. One form of visual attention is targeted to salient features of the visual scene, during which a subject detects optical disparities that distinguish a salient object from the cluttered visual surroundings. The cell-circuit mechanism for how this occurs is not well understood. This renewal project will capitalize on recent discoveries and significant experimental advantages of the fruit fly Drosophila to explore the elementary neural circuitry required for feature-based visual attention. The fly has a numerically simple nervous system, with which highly advanced genetic techniques can be used to identify, manipulate, and repeatedly record the activity of individual neurons, as well as their upstream and downstream network partners. The fly also displays robust feature-based visual perception, even under stimulus conditions that defeat classical models of motion vision, for which similar processes have been localized to cortical pathways in humans and non-human primates. The PI hypothesizes that flies detect and discriminate the higher-order features of visual objects with specialized circuits that integrate first-order elementary motion signals retinotopically, which are further enhanced by the action of inhibitory neurotransmitters. The PI will perform two-photon Ca2+ imaging of candidate cellular pathways in response to stimuli the PI has discovered to elicit robust feature detection by flies within a virtual reality flight simulator. Armed with physiological receptive fields, the PI will use live imaging to ‘read’ and optogenetics to ‘write’ activity patterns in a behaving fly to directly observe input-output functions of feature detection processing on visual behavior. Finally, the PI will study how biogenic amines modulate the functional properties of feature detecting neurons to enable plasticity required for visual feature detection in switching behavioral contexts such as the transition from stationary quiescence to active locomotion.

在美国，很大一部分人因创伤而遭受残疾 损伤，中风或退化性疾病，导致视觉感知定义。因此，一个 了解基本电路神经生物学和基于特征视觉的神经调节 感知会增强我们对视觉处理机制的理解，并应 促进为这些疾病的治疗发展。 一种视觉关注的一种形式是视觉场景的显着特征，在 受试者检测到将显着物体与混乱区分开的光学分布 视觉环境。无法很好地理解用于这种情况的细胞电路机制。这 更新项目将利用最近的发现和重要的实验优势 果蝇果蝇探索基于特征所需的基本神经电路 视觉关注。苍蝇具有数值简单的神经系统，高度先进 遗传技术可用于识别，操纵并反复记录 单个神经元以及上游和下游网络合作伙伴。苍蝇也是 显示出强大的基于功能的视觉感知，即使在失败的刺激条件下 经典的运动视觉模型，该模型已将类似过程定位于皮质 人类和非人类隐私的途径。 PI假设苍蝇检测和 通过集成的专门电路区分视觉对象的高阶特征 一阶基本运动信号是视网膜的，通过其作用进一步增强 抑制性神经递质。 PI将执行候选细胞的两光子Ca2+成像 PI响应刺激的途径已发现通过果蝇引起鲁棒特征检测 在虚拟现实飞行模拟器中。 PI配备了身体接受场，将使用 现场成像以“阅读”和光遗传学，以直接的飞行“写”活动模式 在视觉行为上观察特征检测处理的输入输出功能。最后，pi 将研究生物胺如何调节特征检测神经元的功能特性 为了使在切换行为环境中的视觉特征检测所需的可塑性，例如 从静止静止到主动运动的过渡。