Interaction of Emotional Perception and Visual Attention

对情绪和动机的大脑机制的了解在 过去的二十年。啮齿动物和人类文献中的大部分工作都依赖于 很大程度上依赖于特定的范式，例如对表情内容的面部感知 人类，以及人类和动物中令人厌恶的条件反射过程。现在 应用提出了一系列实验范式，这些范式受到生态的启发，半 自然主义的，充满活力的。 此应用程序的目标是调查威胁处理的动态 在逃逸行为中，以及在接近过程中威胁/奖励处理的动态- 避免冲突范例。通过实验，我们寻求表征和测试特定的 假说围绕着一组与厌恶和食欲有关的大脑区域 正在处理。我们试图将他们的贡献描述为单独的，但也是分布式的 共同和动态地支持行为的电路。 拟议的工作围绕两个目标组织。目标1调查电路 支持威胁逃逸。啮齿动物研究表明，腹侧纹状体/伏隔核是一种 逃逸行为中的重要节点。而有些在人类身上起作用(例如，回避 条件反射)支持这一概念，其他具有行为学启发的范式的工作也 揭示了诸如扣带回中部和前部等区域的参与 海马体。实验将测试这些区域和其他大脑区域对逃避的贡献 机械装置。目标2研究厌恶和欲望相互作用所涉及的回路 在动态威胁和奖励处理过程中。实验将使用动态刺激，在 对威胁和奖励的接近程度动态变化。 总的来说，这项工作解决了一系列基本的研究问题，旨在 理解过去几十年概述的情绪/动机回路如何支持动态 正在处理。这一潜在的结果可能会为临床导向的人类文献提供信息，这些文献已经 从标准实验范式的研究中获得了大量的信息和灵感。

The understanding of the brain mechanisms of emotion and motivation has grown steadily in the past two decades. The majority of the work in the rodent and human literatures has relied heavily on particular paradigms, such as the perception of faces with emotion content in humans, and aversive conditioning procedures in both humans and animals. The present application proposes a series of experimental paradigms that are ecologically inspired, semi- naturalistic, and dynamic. The objective of this application is to investigate the dynamics of threat processing during escape behaviors, as well as the dynamics of threat/reward processing during approach- avoid conflict paradigms. Across experiments, we seek to both characterize and test specific hypotheses centered around a set of brain regions implicated in aversive and appetitive processing. We seek to characterize their contributions individually but also as distributed circuits that collectively and dynamically support behaviors. The proposed work is organized around two aims. Aim 1 investigates the circuits supporting threat escape. Rodent studies suggest that the ventral striatum/accumbens is an important node during escape behaviors. Whereas some work in humans (e.g., avoidance conditioning) supports this notion, other work with ethologically inspired paradigms has also revealed the participation of regions such as the mid-cingulate cortex and the anterior hippocampus. Experiments will test the contributions of these and other brain regions to escape mechanisms. Aim 2 investigates the circuits involved in aversive and appetitive interactions during dynamic threat and reward processing. Experiments will employ dynamic stimuli where the proximity to threat and reward vary dynamically. Collectively, the work addresses a set of basic research questions aimed at understanding how emotion/motivation circuits outlined in the past decades supports dynamic processing. The potential results may inform the clinically-oriented human literature, which has been heavily informed and inspired by research with standard experimental paradigms.