Interaction of Emotional Perception and Visual Attention

描述（由申请人提供）：负面信息的处理及其对行为的有害影响已被广泛研究。重要的是，大脑如何处理负面信息被认为与抑郁症和焦虑症的精神病理学密切相关。积极信息的处理，比如通过奖励来操纵，也被广泛研究。在这种情况下，大脑处理积极信息的方式被认为与药物滥用和成瘾密切相关。虽然我们对处理消极和积极信息的系统有很多了解，但我们才刚刚开始了解它们如何同时在大脑中发挥作用，从而影响“正常”和临床相关行为。填补这一空白的是 重要的是，在许多现实世界的情况下，消极和积极的系统同时有助于行为。例如，从临床的角度来看，在抑郁症中，这两个系统可能都起着重要的作用。本申请的目的是促进我们对大脑中消极和积极信息处理之间的相互作用及其对行为的影响的理解。关键的问题，将被调查包括：做消极和积极的系统相互作用总是敌对的，因为经常假设以下的经典理论的对手处理？在什么条件下，如果有的话，他们协同互动？背景的作用是什么，比如说，由哪些信息是任务相关的，在塑造消极和积极系统之间的相互作用？在两个目标中，我们将测试消极和积极处理之间的相互作用是对抗还是合作。目标1将研究当厌恶信息是“准时的”（例如，在特定时间点呈现的厌恶图像或CS+刺激）。将研究负面信息对奖励处理的影响以及奖励对厌恶刺激处理的影响。目标2将调查 当厌恶信息是“状态”类时消极和积极处理之间的交互（例如，厌恶事件与厌恶事件可能发生的长时间情况相关联;例如，几十秒到几分钟）。总的来说，我们希望阐明大脑中消极和积极处理之间相互作用的机制，并为具有临床意义的认知/情感神经科学做出重要的新贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The processing of negative information and its often deleterious impact on behavior has been extensively investigated. Importantly, how the brain processes negative information is thought to be centrally linked to the psychopathologies of depression and the anxiety disorders. The processing of positive information, say as manipulated via reward, also has been extensively studied. In this case, how the brain processes positive information is thought to be centrally linked to drug abuse and addiction. Although a lot is known about the systems involved in processing negative and positive information, we are only starting to make progress in understanding how they simultaneously act in the brain and thus influence "normal" and clinically relevant behaviors. Filling this gap is important because in many real-world situations both negative and positive systems simultaneously contribute to behaviors. From a clinical standpoint, for example, in depression both systems likely play important roles. The objective of the present application is to advance our understanding of the interactions between negative and positive information processing in the brain and their impact on behavior. Critical questions that will be investigated include: do negative and positive systems interact always antagonistically as often assumed following classical theories of opponent processing? Under what conditions, if any, do they interact synergistically? What is the role of context, say as determined by which information is task relevant, in shaping the interactions between negative and positive systems? Across two aims, we will test whether the interactions between negative and positive processing are antagonistic vs. cooperative. Aim 1 will investigate interactions between negative and positive processing when aversive information is "punctual" (e.g., an aversive image or a CS+ stimulus presented at a specific point in time). Both the impact of negative information on reward processing and the impact of reward on the processing of aversive stimuli will be investigated. Aim 2 will investigate the interactions between negative and positive processing when aversive information is "state" like (e.g., aversive events linked to prolonged situations in which aversive events may occur; say, tens of seconds to minutes). Collectively, we expect to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the interactions between negative and positive processing in the brain, and make important new contributions to cognitive/affective neuroscience that have the potential to be of clinical relevance.