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Individual and Neighborhood Vulnerability to the Spanish Flu

个人和社区对西班牙流感的脆弱性

基本信息

批准号：
10644538
负责人：
John R Logan
金额：
$ 23.93万
依托单位：
BROWN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-05-01 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10644538
关键词：
1918 influenza pandemic Address Affect Age Area Attention Birth Place COVID-19 COVID-19 pandemic Cause of Death Censuses Cessation of life Characteristics Cities Communities Community Health Coronavirus Country Data Data Set Death Certificates Death Rate Death Records Dimensions Ethnic Origin Event Fatality rate Gender Genetic Transcription Glean Health Household Individual Inequality Influenza Knowledge Link Location Measurement Measures Names Neighborhoods New York New York City Occupations Outcome Parents Pattern Persons Philadelphia Pneumonia Public Health Race Records Research Risk Risk Factors Sampling Severities Social Class Societies Spanish flu Standardization Surveys Survivors System Time Variant behavior measurement comparative contagion experience falls flexibility flu future pandemic health disparity innovation mortality mortality risk multilevel analysis outcome disparities pandemic disease predictive modeling previous pandemic response social group spatial relationship urban area

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This is a study of mortality risk in the deadliest pandemic in the 20th Century, the Spanish flu of 1918, in two of the U.S. cities with the highest number of fatalities, New York and Philadelphia. It has four main aims. Aim 1 is to examine mortality from the Spanish flu at the neighborhood scale in these cities. Aim 2 is to extend the ecological analysis with multilevel models including individual-level predictors. Aim 3 is to compare the patterns of influenza/pneumonia mortality during the pandemic with mortality in the same period in the previous year, and Aim 4 is to compare patterns between cities. Few studies of pandemics have gone beyond analyzing mortality data at the level of whole cities to consider spatial variation within cities, and there have been none that examined risk of mortality in a pandemic using multilevel models. In this project, drawing on individual death records, attention can be directed to specific neighborhoods and mortality risk of their residents. The study will show how personal characteristics such as age, gender, race, nativity, and social class affect risk of mortality in a multilevel model that includes similar characteristics measured at a neighborhood scale and also incorporates spatial relationships among neighborhoods. These aims will be addressed through analysis of a new data set with several innovative components. 1) Transcription of all death certificates during fall 1917 and fall 1918 in New York and Philadelphia including the person’s name, age, race, gender, address, cause of death, date of death, occupation, and parents’ names and place of birth. 2) Geocoding of addresses in a historically accurate GIS system, so that persons can be linked to their neighborhoods. 3) Use of 100% census microdata from 1920 to create measures of neighborhood characteristics, construct a comparison sample of flu survivors, and glean information about the households of those who died. These data will allow the project to probe the independent effects of various individual risk factors while also examining neighborhood differences and spatial patterns in mortality.

项目总结/文摘