GIS Mapping and Segregation Analyses of Full Population Data for 1940

描述(由申请人提供)：这是一项关于1940年美国城市居住模式的研究，利用新获得的人口普查数据，以以前不可能实现的详细水平和方法来探讨空间问题。它将把1940年人口普查中1.32亿美国人的完整微数据文件组织成枚举区(ED)级别的摘要文件，从而有可能详细研究全国各地小社区的构成。这些文件将在不同的地理级别提供，供其他研究人员使用。对于69个主要城市，将绘制ED和人口普查区块的地图，并将家庭地理编码为沿一条街道的1-3个街区的ED区段。对于6个大都市地区，将对城市和郊区的个人记录进行地理编码，以便更详细地分析居住模式。这些数据将被用来研究按种族、民族和社会阶层划分居民的隔离模式和过程。1)它将分析不同城市在黑人(从南到北的大迁徙)和第一代和第二代移民群体的空间同化方面的差异，以及不同社会经济水平家庭之间的隔离。2)它将考察区位获得的预测因素，以评估种族、民族、阶级和其他特征如何影响人们生活的社区类型，引入城市特征作为居住结果的背景预测因素。3)将利用地理编码的地址信息来更详细地研究单个居民是如何聚集到社区中的，试验一系列新的方法，根据他们的种族/民族和社会阶层组成归纳地识别社区。4)地理编码数据还将用于在不同的空间尺度上绘制家庭周围重叠的、以自我为中心的邻里区域，以更灵活地定义隔离模式。离散选择模型将被用来检验关于种族/民族、阶级和其他属性在构成不同的社会邻里关系中的相对重要性的假设。这些相互关联的分析将为研究少数群体和移民融入当今美国社会以及阶级隔离造成的界限提供重要的新参照点。新的空间数据库将永久和实质性地增加国家卫生和卫生统计基础设施 人口研究、教育和政策制定。它将允许在关键的历史时刻研究移民、少数民族和城市穷人的邻里条件，并使新型空间分析成为可能。与后来的人口记录和调查相联系，它将允许研究邻里关系对生活结果的影响，如健康、婚姻和生育力，以及1940年之前出生的婴儿潮前一代人的寿命。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a study of residential patterns in urban America in 1940, taking advantage of newly available census data to pursue spatial questions at a level of detail and with methodologies that were not previously possible. It will organize the complete microdata file of 132 million Americans from the 1940 census into summary files at the level of the Enumeration District (ED), making it possible to study in detail the composition of small neighborhood areas across the country. These files will be made available at various geographic levels for the use of other researchers. For 69 major cities the EDs and census blocks will be mapped and households geocoded to ED segments of 1-3 blocks along a single street. For 6 metropolitan regions the individual records will be geocoded for both cities and suburbs, allowing more detailed analysis of residential patterns. These data will be used to study segregation patterns and processes that divided residents by race, ethnicity, and social class. 1) It will analyze variations across cities in the spatial assimilation of blacks (well intothe Great Migration from South to North) and immigrant groups in the first and second generation, plus segregation between families at different levels of SES. 2) It will examine the predictors of locational attainment to assess how race, ethnicity, class, and other characteristics affect the kinds of neighborhoods people live in, introducing characteristics of cities as contextual predictors of residential outcomes. 3) The geocoded address information will be exploited to study how individual residents are aggregated into neighborhoods in more detail, experimenting with a range of new methods to identify neighborhoods inductively based on their race/ethnicity and social class composition. 4) Geocoded data will also be used to draw overlapping, egocentric neighborhood areas around households at various spatial scales to define segregation patterns more flexibly. Discrete choice models will be applied to test hypotheses about the relative importance of race/ethnicity, class, and other attributes in constituting socialy distinct neighborhoods. These interrelated analyses will provide an important new point of reference for research on the incorporation of minority groups and immigrants in U.S. society today, as well as for the boundaries created by class segregation. The new spatial database will make a permanent and substantial addition to the nation's statistical infrastructure for health and population research, education, and policy making. It will allow study of neighborhood conditions for immigrants, minorities, and the urban poor at a critical historical moment and enable new kinds of spatial analysis. Linked to later demographic records and surveys it will allow study of neighborhood effects on life outcomes such as health, marriage and fertility, and longevity for the pre-baby boom generation of persons born before 1940.