GIS Mapping and Segregation Analyses of Full Population Data for 1940

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一项关于1940年美国城市居住模式的研究，利用最新的人口普查数据在细节层面上追求空间问题，并使用以前不可能的方法。它将把1940年人口普查中1.32亿美国人的完整微数据文件整理成统计区（ED）级别的摘要文件，从而可以详细研究全国小社区的构成。这些文件将在不同的地理级别提供，供其他研究人员使用。在69个主要城市，ED和人口普查街区将被绘制出来，住户的地理编码将被划分为一条街道上1-3个街区的ED部分。对于6个大都市区，将对城市和郊区的个人记录进行地理编码，以便对居住模式进行更详细的分析。这些数据将用于研究按种族、民族和社会阶层划分居民的隔离模式和过程。1)它将分析不同城市在黑人（从南到北的大迁徙）和第一代和第二代移民群体的空间同化方面的差异，以及不同社会经济地位家庭之间的隔离。2)研究区位成就的预测因素，以评估种族、民族、阶级和其他特征如何影响人们居住的社区类型，并引入城市特征作为居住结果的背景预测因素。3)地理编码的地址信息将被用于研究个体居民如何更详细地聚集到社区中，并试验一系列基于种族/民族和社会阶层组成的新方法来归纳识别社区。4)地理编码数据还将用于绘制不同空间尺度上家庭周围重叠的、以自我为中心的邻里区域，以更灵活地定义隔离模式。离散选择模型将被应用于检验关于种族/民族、阶级和其他属性在构成社会独特社区中的相对重要性的假设。这些相互关联的分析将为研究当今美国社会中少数群体和移民的融合以及阶级隔离所造成的界限提供重要的新参考点。新的空间数据库将对国家卫生和卫生统计基础设施作出永久性和实质性的补充

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a study of residential patterns in urban America in 1940, taking advantage of newly available census data to pursue spatial questions at a level of detail and with methodologies that were not previously possible. It will organize the complete microdata file of 132 million Americans from the 1940 census into summary files at the level of the Enumeration District (ED), making it possible to study in detail the composition of small neighborhood areas across the country. These files will be made available at various geographic levels for the use of other researchers. For 69 major cities the EDs and census blocks will be mapped and households geocoded to ED segments of 1-3 blocks along a single street. For 6 metropolitan regions the individual records will be geocoded for both cities and suburbs, allowing more detailed analysis of residential patterns. These data will be used to study segregation patterns and processes that divided residents by race, ethnicity, and social class. 1) It will analyze variations across cities in the spatial assimilation of blacks (well intothe Great Migration from South to North) and immigrant groups in the first and second generation, plus segregation between families at different levels of SES. 2) It will examine the predictors of locational attainment to assess how race, ethnicity, class, and other characteristics affect the kinds of neighborhoods people live in, introducing characteristics of cities as contextual predictors of residential outcomes. 3) The geocoded address information will be exploited to study how individual residents are aggregated into neighborhoods in more detail, experimenting with a range of new methods to identify neighborhoods inductively based on their race/ethnicity and social class composition. 4) Geocoded data will also be used to draw overlapping, egocentric neighborhood areas around households at various spatial scales to define segregation patterns more flexibly. Discrete choice models will be applied to test hypotheses about the relative importance of race/ethnicity, class, and other attributes in constituting socialy distinct neighborhoods. These interrelated analyses will provide an important new point of reference for research on the incorporation of minority groups and immigrants in U.S. society today, as well as for the boundaries created by class segregation. The new spatial database will make a permanent and substantial addition to the nation's statistical infrastructure for health and population research, education, and policy making. It will allow study of neighborhood conditions for immigrants, minorities, and the urban poor at a critical historical moment and enable new kinds of spatial analysis. Linked to later demographic records and surveys it will allow study of neighborhood effects on life outcomes such as health, marriage and fertility, and longevity for the pre-baby boom generation of persons born before 1940.