Influence of sleep-like states on mosquito behavior and physiology

睡眠状态对蚊子行为和生理的影响

• 批准号: 10655619
• 负责人: Josh B. Benoit
• 金额: $ 22.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10655619
• 关键词: Aedes; Animals; Anopheles Genus; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral; Binding; Biological; Biology; Blood; Characteristics; Comparative Study; Culex pipiens; Culicidae; Darkness; Data; Development; Disease Vectors; Drosophila melanogaster; Environment; Epidemiology; Equipment; Experimental Designs; Goals; Human Activities; Immobilization; Immune; Insecta; Insecticide Resistance; Knowledge; Leg; Light; Link; Measures; Mechanics; Metabolism; Methods; Molecular; Monitor; Neurobiology; Neurons; Outcome; Output; Pattern; Phenotype; Physiological; Physiology; Planet Earth; Population; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Protocols documentation; Reproduction; Research; Rest; Role; Sensory Deprivation; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep disturbances; System; Testing; Transcript; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Vectorial capacity; Viral Vector; West Nile virus; Work; Yellow Fever; Zika Virus; behavioral phenotyping; disease transmission; feeding; fitness; fly; improved; innovation; malaria mosquito; neural; novel; pathogen; preference; prevent; reproductive; stress tolerance; success; transcriptome sequencing; transmission process; urban area; vector; vector transmission; viral transmission

Project summary Sleep is critical for nearly all animals. This state is characterized by a specific set of parameters for each species however there is a lack of sleep-based studies in mosquitoes. This should be considered a major knowledge gap in mosquito biology and potentially hinders the development of new control methods and our understanding of factors influencing vectorial capacity. Our preliminary studies suggest that there will likely be explicit factors underlying mosquito sleep, which need to be fully characterized to define this biological state in mosquitoes. The focus of the proposed work is to provide the first extensive characterization of mosquito sleep. After sleep has been defind, studies on the manipulation of sleep will discern how reduced sleep (e.g., induced by human activity in urban areas) may alter behavioral and physiological aspects of mosquitoes such as host preference, blood- feeding, reproductive output, and viral transmission. These studies are supported by the following: 1) Historic and our preliminary observations of putative sleep postures of mosquitoes, 2) Initial activity monitoring results that establish that day and night active mosquitoes sleep at higher rates during the night and day, respectively, 3) targeted studies suggesting that sleep can be prevented by mechanical disturbance that impacts subsequent host landing, 4) Preliminary data showing a reduction of spontaneous neural activity after prolonged rest, 5) Our development of novel sensory deprivation equipment that allows for mosquito observation without host interference to pinpoint differences that could be related to mosquito sleep-like states, and 6) Integrative and innovative experimental design that ranges from basic behavioral analyses to neuronal recording that will provide an encompassing view of the mosquito sleep state. This study has two specific aims: Specific Aim 1. Establishing the characteristics associated with sleep-like states in mosquitoes. Specific Aim 2. Defining shifts in mosquito fitness, behavior, and viral transmission following sleep deprivation. Upon completion of these specific aims, our expected outcomes are to have defined sleep-like states in mosquitoes and, subsequently, how sleep deprivation impacts a range of epidemiologically relevant biological aspects. This will be transformative to the research field and will set the stage for multiple lines of research. Most importantly, these studies will create a novel paradigm, where aspects of mosquito biology should be measured under two independent periods: a non-resting (no sleep) and sleep-like status. Finally, our anticipated results are likely to inform on the adaptations of mosquitoes to urban areas where host activity patterns and light/dark conditions are decoupled from day/night successions and could impact sleep, mosquito-host interactions, and potentially patterns of disease transmission.

项目摘要 睡眠对几乎所有的动物来说都很重要。这种状态的特点是每个物种都有一套特定的参数 然而，缺乏对蚊子的睡眠研究。这应该算是一门大学问 蚊子生物学的空白，并可能阻碍新的控制方法的发展和我们的理解 影响向量容量的因素。我们的初步研究表明， 蚊子睡眠的基础，这需要充分的特点，以确定这种生物状态的蚊子。的 所提出的工作的重点是提供蚊子睡眠的第一个广泛表征。睡眠后， 已经明确，关于睡眠操纵的研究将辨别睡眠减少（例如，人类活动引起的 在城市地区）可能会改变蚊子的行为和生理方面，如宿主偏好，血液， 喂养、生殖输出和病毒传播。这些研究得到以下方面的支持：1）历史 以及我们对蚊子假定的睡眠姿势的初步观察，2）初步活动监测结果 这表明白天和夜间活动的蚊子分别在夜间和白天以更高的速率睡觉， 3)有针对性的研究表明，睡眠可以通过机械干扰来阻止， 主机着陆，4）初步数据显示长时间休息后自发神经活动减少，5）我们的 开发新型感觉剥夺设备，允许在没有宿主的情况下观察蚊子 干扰，以查明可能与蚊子睡眠状态有关的差异，以及6）整合和 创新的实验设计，从基本的行为分析到神经元记录， 蚊子睡眠状态的全景图。这项研究有两个具体目标： 具体目标1.建立与蚊子睡眠状态相关的特征。 具体目标2。定义睡眠剥夺后蚊子健康、行为和病毒传播的变化。 在完成这些具体目标后，我们的预期结果是在以下方面定义了类似睡眠的状态： 蚊子，随后，睡眠剥夺如何影响一系列流行病学相关的生物学 方面这将是研究领域的变革，并将为多线研究奠定基础。最 重要的是，这些研究将创造一种新的范例，在这种范例中，蚊子生物学的各个方面应该被测量 在两个独立的时期：非休息（无睡眠）和睡眠状态。最后，我们预期的结果 可能会告知蚊子对城市地区的适应，其中宿主活动模式和光/暗 条件与白天/夜晚的连续性无关，可能会影响睡眠，蚊子与宿主的相互作用， 潜在的疾病传播模式。