Mosquito hydration status as a mechanism that alters pre-feeding host interactions and post-feeding physiology

蚊子的水合状态是一种改变摄食前宿主相互作用和摄食后生理机能的机制

• 批准号: 10401916
• 负责人: Josh B. Benoit
• 金额: $ 40.21万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-12 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10401916
• 关键词: Aedes; Affect; Area; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biochemical; Biological; Biology; Blood; CRISPR/Cas technology; Comparative Study; Culex pipiens; Culicidae; Dehydration; Desiccation; Detection; Development; Disease Vectors; Disease model; Droughts; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Genes; Goals; High temperature of physical object; Homeostasis; Hour; Humidity; Hydration status; Immune; Immune response; Immunity; Individual; Ingestion; Insecta; Metabolism; Modeling; Mosquito-borne infectious disease; Organism; Phenotype; Physiological; Physiology; Predisposition; Proteins; RNA Interference; Reproduction; Research; Role; Seasons; Sindbis Virus; Stress; Temperature; Transgenic Organisms; Viral; Virus; Water; West Nile virus; Yellow Fever; Zika Virus; base; carbohydrate metabolism; climate variability; differential expression; disease transmission; drinking water; experimental study; feeding; genome editing; improved; knock-down; mathematical model; pathogen; preference; receptor; response; transmission process; vector; vector competence; vector mosquito; vector-borne; viral transmission

Project summary Insects are extremely prone to dehydration, where individuals may succumb after exposure to only a few hours of dry conditions. Mosquitoes are highly susceptible to desiccation due to high water loss rates, especially when temperatures are high, relative humidity is low, and drinking water is lacking. Importantly, if dehydrated mosquitoes move to more humid areas, dehydration-induced phenotypes can last for many hours. Recent studies have examined mosquito development and other specific topic areas under dry season conditions, but no integrative studies have examined the role of dehydration bouts on mosquito behavior, physiology, and potential for disease transmission. For most insects, exposure to xeric periods prompts their retreat into favorable microhabitats until conditions improve, which could take hours or weeks. Our preliminary studies indicate that activity and blood feeding in mosquitoes increase by three- to four-fold following sub-lethal dehydration, but the potential mechanisms and impact of this phenotype are unknown. The focus of this proposal will be examining the effect that dehydration has on mosquito biology, specifically how desiccation stress alters general mosquito biology, host choice, host-pathogen interactions, and disease transmission. The primary study organism will be the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, a vector for West Nile virus, with comparative studies to mosquito species to Aedes aegypti. These studies are supported by 1) experimental designs that can discern the effects between only exposure to dry conditions and direct mosquito dehydration (= organismal water loss), 2) preliminary studies on CRISPR-Cas9 lines of chemosensory proteins which show altered water attraction, 3) shifts in blood feeding and diversion of blood to the crop, 4) increased retention of the bloodmeal in dehydrated mosquitoes when compared to hydrated counterparts, 5) differential expression of immune genes following a bloodmeal if mosquitoes are dehydrated before host feeding, and 6) field-based mesocosm experiments that indicate dehydrated mosquitoes are more prone to blood feeding. This study has four specific aims: Specific Aim 1. Influence of dehydration on basic biological parameters before and after blood feeding. Specific Aim 2. Examine aspects underlying behavioral modifications of mosquitoes following dehydration stress. Specific Aim 3. Impact of dehydration on viral retention and transmission. Specific Aim 4. Field-based observations and mathematical modeling of disease transmission changes due to dehydration exposure. Overall goal accomplished by the completion of these proposed studies: These proposed studies will be transformative by providing the first integrative experiments that examine the effects of dehydration bouts on the dynamics between mosquito physiology, behavior, and pathogen transmission.

项目摘要 昆虫是非常容易脱水，其中个人可能会死亡后，暴露在只有几个小时 干燥的条件。由于水分流失率高，蚊子对干燥非常敏感，特别是 气温高，相对湿度低，饮用水缺乏。重要的是，如果脱水 当蚊子迁移到更潮湿的地区时，脱水诱导的表型可持续数小时。最近 研究已经检查了蚊子在旱季条件下的发育和其他特定主题领域， 还没有综合性的研究探讨脱水发作对蚊子行为、生理和 疾病传播的可能性。对大多数昆虫来说，暴露在干旱期促使它们撤退到 这可能需要数小时或数周的时间。我们的初步研究 表明在亚致死后，蚊子活动和吸血增加了三至四倍 脱水，但这种表型的潜在机制和影响是未知的。的重点 一项提案将研究脱水对蚊子生物学的影响，特别是干燥如何影响蚊子的生物学。 压力改变了蚊子的一般生物学、宿主选择、宿主-病原体相互作用和疾病传播。的 主要的研究生物是北方的家蚊，尖音库蚊，一种西尼罗河病毒的载体， 蚊子种类和埃及伊蚊的比较研究。这些研究得到以下支持：1）实验 设计可以区分只暴露于干燥条件和直接蚊子脱水之间的影响 （=生物体失水），2）对化学感受蛋白的CRISPR-Cas9系的初步研究，其显示 改变水的吸引力，3）血液喂养和血液转移到作物的变化，4）增加保留 当与水合对应物相比时，脱水蚊子中的血粉，5） 如果蚊子在宿主进食前脱水，则在吸血后产生免疫基因，以及6）基于野外的 围隔实验表明，脱水的蚊子更容易吸血。 本研究有四个具体目标：具体目标1。脱水对基本生物学参数的影响 在吸血之前和之后具体目标2。检查行为改变的潜在方面 脱水应激后的蚊子。具体目标3。脱水对病毒滞留的影响 传输具体目标4。疾病传播的现场观测和数学建模 由于脱水暴露而发生的变化。通过完成这些拟议目标实现总体目标 研究：这些拟议的研究将通过提供第一个综合实验， 研究脱水发作对蚊子生理学，行为和 病原体传播