Testing a Social Safety Theory Perspective on Depression: An Intensive Longitudinal Immunopsychiatric Data Approach

项目总结/摘要 抑郁症是导致心理社会障碍、学习成绩差、 辍学，以及在生命周期中更大的自我伤害，自杀和医疗疾病的可能性。而且 引人注目的是，30%的大学生经历过临床水平的抑郁症，这使得这是一个关键时期，以确定 干预的目标是减轻这种负担性疾病的风险。尽管研究已经评估了心理学 和免疫机制的抑郁症，这些因素通常是孤立的研究。社会安全 理论是一个令人信服的综合框架，假设社会压力是唯一的预测， 抑郁症的增加是因为社会压力比其他压力源具有更大的生物学影响。 此外，这一途径可以被负面的社会安全图式放大，其特征是解释社会安全。 冲突、不可靠和危险的情况。该提案旨在测试这一综合的多层次模型， 抑郁症病因学使用从高中到大学的过渡作为准实验性社会压力源， 密集的纵向设计。简单地说，每天收集自我报告数据， 在24天的时间内，将使用三天来评估感知压力、炎症 蛋白质和抑郁症状的变化作为过渡到大学的功能（目标1），测试是否有负面的社会 图式可以预测感知压力、炎症蛋白和抑郁轨迹的个体差异 症状（目的2），并研究炎症蛋白的变化在多大程度上介导了这种关联 在此期间压力和抑郁症状的变化之间，以及这种间接关系是否 受消极社会安全图式的调节（目标3）。为了测试压力、社会安全感 图式和炎症预测长期抑郁症的结果，目标2和3将重新测试预测 抑郁症诊断在整个大一（探索目标）。参与者将是112名健康的， 加州大学洛杉矶分校的新生将通过注册办公室的电子邮件招募。从七天前开始 进入校园后，参与者将完成每日自我报告措施（压力和抑郁症状，n = 10）。 2，688）和每三天抽血（n = 896）。特质社会安全图式将在第一天进行测量 并将在研究前和年底再次完成诊断访谈。符合 NIMH战略目标（SO），这项多方法研究将定义精神疾病的生物学机制 (SO 1）;提供洞察精神疾病轨迹如何在发展转型期间发生变化（SO 2）; 强调三个多领域的预防和干预目标（战略目标3）;并为公共卫生做出贡献 NIMH通过降低大学校园抑郁症发病率的影响（SO 4）。培训计划已经 设计，包括旨在推进申请人的概念和技术的经验广度 社会压力和相关认知脆弱性方面的专业知识（培训目标1），高频率免疫学 数据收集（培训目标2）和适用于密集纵向数据的统计（培训目标3）。

Project Summary/Abstract Depression is a leading cause of psychosocial impairment, poor academic performance, increased risk of school dropout, and a greater likelihood of self-harm, suicide, and medical illness over the lifespan. Moreover, a striking 30% of college students experience clinical levels of depression, making this is a critical period to identify intervention targets to mitigate risk for this burdensome disorder. Although research has evaluated psychological and immunological mechanisms of depression, these factors are typically studied in isolation. Social Safety Theory is a compelling, integrated framework that hypothesizes that social stressors are uniquely predictive of increases in depression because social stress has a greater biological impact compared to other stressors. Further, this pathway can be amplified by negative social safety schemas characterized by interpretating social situations as conflictual, unreliable, and dangerous. This proposal seeks to test this integrated, multi-level model of depression etiology using the transition from high school to college as a quasi-experimental social stressor and an intensive longitudinal design. Briefly, self-report data collected daily and inflammatory data collected every three days over a 24-day period will be used to evaluate how trajectories of perceived stress, inflammatory proteins, and depression symptom change as a function of transitioning to college (Aim 1), test if negative social schemas predict individual differences in trajectories of perceived stress, inflammatory proteins, and depression symptoms (Aim 2), and investigate the extent to which changes in inflammatory proteins mediate the association between changes in stress and depression symptoms during this period and whether this indirect relation is moderated by negative social safety schemas (Aim 3). To test if these interrelations between stress, social safety schemas, and inflammation predict long-term depression outcomes, Aims 2 and 3 will be re-tested predicting depression diagnoses across the entire freshman year (Exploratory Aim). Participants will be 112 healthy, incoming UCLA freshmen will be recruited via e-mails from the Registrar’s Office. Starting seven days before moving onto campus, participants will complete daily self-report measures (stress and depression symptoms, n = 2,688) and blood draws every three days (n = 896). Trait social safety schemas will be measured on the first day and a diagnostic interview will be completed before the study and again at the end of the year. Consistent with the NIMH Strategic Objectives (SO), this multi-method study will define biological mechanisms of mental illness (SO 1); provide insight into how mental illness trajectories change during developmental transitions (SO 2); highlight three, multi-domain targets for prevention and intervention (SO 3); and contribute to the public health impact of NIMH by reducing rates of depression on college campuses (SO 4). A training plan has been designed that includes a breadth of experiences aimed to advance the applicant’s conceptual and technical expertise in social stress and related cognitive vulnerabilities (Training Goal 1), high frequency immunological data collection (Training Goal 2), and statistics suitable for intensive longitudinal data (Training Goal 3).