Integrated Reward Sensitivity and Rumination Model of Stress Reactivity and Depression Symptoms

项目概要/摘要 鉴于抑郁症是导致损害的主要原因之一， 这一点至关重要。尽管现有的抑郁症研究已经评估了 心理和生物风险因素，许多工作都孤立地研究了这些因素。此外，很少有研究 考虑到风险因素和特定症状之间的潜在差异关联，这是可能的 由于网络建模的进步。该提案旨在将若干风险因素纳入多式联运 抑郁症的病因模型，利用多方法设计来评估奖励敏感性和反刍， 炎症反应的奖励显着的压力任务和抑郁症状的预测。该项目 旨在1）评估奖励敏感性和反刍之间的相互作用，以预测炎症 应激反应和抑郁症状，2）测试炎症应激反应是否占 i）奖励敏感性和ii）反刍和后来的抑郁症状之间的显着间接影响， 以及3）探索奖励敏感性和反刍如何预测离散症状和炎症生物标志物 (and反之亦然）使用网络建模。考虑到新生儿成年人有首次发病和 抑郁发作的复发，研究中的参与者（Ps）将是从 一个正在进行的在线筛选器。Ps已经完成了特质奖励敏感性、特质反刍和 基线症状Ps将从上学期的高和低奖励敏感度过采样 受访者增加极端反应的可能性奖励显着的压力任务和风险 抑郁症状选定的Ps将完成一个医疗电话筛选。Ps没有历史 将招募自身免疫性疾病患者进行研究访视，在研究访视中，他们再次完成医学筛查， 奖励突出压力任务，任务后状态反刍的措施，和诊断面试。罪要归 采取应激前和应激后以测定炎性生物标志物。Ps将完成后续措施 抑郁症状，特质奖励敏感性和特质反刍一周后访问。符合 NIMH战略目标和NIMH研究领域标准，这项多方法研究提出，以确定 风险机制和病理生理过程之间的相互作用，为预防和干预提供信息 （战略目标3）和以转诊断的方式定义复杂行为的机制（战略目标 1)通过网络分析，使用多个分析单元（生理学，自我报告，行为）来评估 易受压力反应和抑郁症状的奖励敏感性维度的两端。一 培训计划已经设计，包括正式的课堂作业，研讨会，体验式学习， 导师在抑郁症的病因学，压力，网络分析，神经生物学，和心理神经免疫学。 这项研究将在坦普尔大学的临床心理学项目中进行，该项目有进行 NIH资助的创新、有影响力的研究和培训下一代研究人员。

Project Summary/Abstract Given that depression is among the leading causes of impairment, a better understanding of the mechanisms that confer risk for its development is crucial. Although existing depression research has evaluated psychological and biological risk factors, much work has studied these factors in isolation. Further, few studies account for potential differential associations between risk factors and specific symptoms, which is possible due to advances in network modeling. This proposal seeks to integrate several risk factors into a multimodal model of depression etiology, utilizing a multi-method design to evaluate reward sensitivity and rumination as predictors of inflammatory reactivity to a reward-salient stress task and depressive symptoms. The project is designed to 1) evaluate the interplay between reward sensitivity and rumination in predicting inflammatory stress reactivity and depressive symptoms, 2) test whether inflammatory stress reactivity accounts for a significant indirect effect between both i) reward sensitivity and ii) rumination and later depressive symptoms, and 3) explore how reward sensitivity and rumination predict discrete symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers (and vice-versa) using network modeling. Given that emerging adults are at risk for both first onset and recurrence of depressive episodes, participants (Ps) in the study will be undergraduate students recruited from an ongoing online screener. Ps have completed measures of trait reward sensitivity, trait rumination, and baseline symptoms. Ps will be over-sampled for high and low reward sensitivity from the previous semester's respondents to increase the likelihood of extreme responses to the reward-salient stress task and risk for depressive symptoms. Selected Ps will complete a medical phone screener. Ps without a history of autoimmune disease will be recruited for a study visit in which they complete the medical screener again, a reward-salient stress task, a measure of post-task state rumination, and a diagnostic interview. Blood will be taken pre- and post-stressor to be assayed for inflammatory biomarkers. Ps will complete follow-up measures of depressive symptoms, trait reward sensitivity, and trait rumination one-week post-visit. Consistent with the NIMH Strategic Objectives and NIMH Research Domain Criteria, this multi-method study proposes to identify the interplay between risk mechanisms and pathophysiological processes to inform prevention and intervention (Strategic Objective 3) and to define mechanisms of complex behaviors transdiagnostically (Strategic Objective 1) with network analysis, using multiple units of analysis (physiology, self-report, behavior) to evaluate vulnerability to stress reactivity and depressive symptoms at both ends of the reward sensitivity dimension. A training plan has been designed that includes formal classwork, workshops, experiential learning, and mentorship in the etiology of depression, stress, network analysis, neurobiology, and psychoneuroimmunology. The study will occur in Temple University's clinical psychology program, which has a track record of conducting innovative, impactful NIH-funded research and training a future generation of researchers.