Integrated Reward Sensitivity and Rumination Model of Stress Reactivity and Depression Symptoms

项目摘要/摘要 鉴于抑郁症是损害的主要原因之一，对其机制有更好的了解 这为其发展带来了风险，这一点至关重要。尽管现有的抑郁症研究已经评估了 对于心理和生物危险因素，很多工作都是孤立地研究这些因素。此外，很少有研究 说明风险因素和特定症状之间的潜在差异关联，这是可能的 由于网络建模的进步。这项提议寻求将几个风险因素整合到多式联运中 抑郁症病因学模型，利用多方法设计评估奖励敏感性和沉思为 对显著应激任务的炎症反应和抑郁症状的预测。该项目是 旨在1)评估奖赏敏感度和反省之间在预测炎症方面的相互作用 应激反应和抑郁症状，2)测试炎性应激反应是否解释了 I)奖赏敏感性和ii)沉思和后来的抑郁症状之间存在显著的间接效应， 3)探索奖励敏感性和沉思如何预测不同的症状和炎性生物标志物 (反之亦然)使用网络建模。考虑到初发和初发的成人都有风险 抑郁发作的复发，研究的参与者(P)将是从 一个正在进行的在线筛选。PS已经完成了特质奖励敏感性、特质反省和 基线症状。PS将从上一学期的高、低奖励敏感度进行过抽样 受访者增加对奖励-显著压力任务做出极端反应的可能性 抑郁症状。选定的P将完成医疗电话筛查。没有历史记录的PS 自身免疫性疾病将被招募进行研究访问，在此期间他们将再次完成医学筛查， 奖励-显著压力任务，一种衡量任务后状态沉思的指标，以及诊断性面试。鲜血将会是 在应激前和应激后服用，以检测炎症生物标志物。规划环境地政局局长将完成后续措施 抑郁症状、特质奖赏敏感度、特质反思性。与 NIMH战略目标和NIMH研究领域标准，这项多方法研究建议确定 风险机制与提供预防和干预信息的病理生理过程之间的相互作用 (战略目标3)和通过诊断定义复杂行为的机制(战略目标 1)通过网络分析，使用多个分析单元(生理、自我报告、行为)进行评估 在奖励敏感性维度的两端都容易受到应激反应和抑郁症状的影响。一个 已经设计了培训计划，包括正式课堂作业、研讨会、体验式学习和 指导抑郁症的病因学、压力、网络分析、神经生物学和心理神经免疫学。 这项研究将在坦普尔大学的临床心理学项目中进行，该项目有进行研究的记录 由美国国立卫生研究院资助的创新、有影响力的研究和培训下一代研究人员。

Project Summary/Abstract Given that depression is among the leading causes of impairment, a better understanding of the mechanisms that confer risk for its development is crucial. Although existing depression research has evaluated psychological and biological risk factors, much work has studied these factors in isolation. Further, few studies account for potential differential associations between risk factors and specific symptoms, which is possible due to advances in network modeling. This proposal seeks to integrate several risk factors into a multimodal model of depression etiology, utilizing a multi-method design to evaluate reward sensitivity and rumination as predictors of inflammatory reactivity to a reward-salient stress task and depressive symptoms. The project is designed to 1) evaluate the interplay between reward sensitivity and rumination in predicting inflammatory stress reactivity and depressive symptoms, 2) test whether inflammatory stress reactivity accounts for a significant indirect effect between both i) reward sensitivity and ii) rumination and later depressive symptoms, and 3) explore how reward sensitivity and rumination predict discrete symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers (and vice-versa) using network modeling. Given that emerging adults are at risk for both first onset and recurrence of depressive episodes, participants (Ps) in the study will be undergraduate students recruited from an ongoing online screener. Ps have completed measures of trait reward sensitivity, trait rumination, and baseline symptoms. Ps will be over-sampled for high and low reward sensitivity from the previous semester's respondents to increase the likelihood of extreme responses to the reward-salient stress task and risk for depressive symptoms. Selected Ps will complete a medical phone screener. Ps without a history of autoimmune disease will be recruited for a study visit in which they complete the medical screener again, a reward-salient stress task, a measure of post-task state rumination, and a diagnostic interview. Blood will be taken pre- and post-stressor to be assayed for inflammatory biomarkers. Ps will complete follow-up measures of depressive symptoms, trait reward sensitivity, and trait rumination one-week post-visit. Consistent with the NIMH Strategic Objectives and NIMH Research Domain Criteria, this multi-method study proposes to identify the interplay between risk mechanisms and pathophysiological processes to inform prevention and intervention (Strategic Objective 3) and to define mechanisms of complex behaviors transdiagnostically (Strategic Objective 1) with network analysis, using multiple units of analysis (physiology, self-report, behavior) to evaluate vulnerability to stress reactivity and depressive symptoms at both ends of the reward sensitivity dimension. A training plan has been designed that includes formal classwork, workshops, experiential learning, and mentorship in the etiology of depression, stress, network analysis, neurobiology, and psychoneuroimmunology. The study will occur in Temple University's clinical psychology program, which has a track record of conducting innovative, impactful NIH-funded research and training a future generation of researchers.