Urban Air Pollution and Children's Respiratory Health

城市空气污染与儿童呼吸健康

• 批准号: 7628991
• 负责人: ROB S MCCONNELL
• 金额: $ 25.64万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-01 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7628991
• 关键词: Adverse effects; Age; Age-Years; Air; Air Pollution; Allergens; Appendix; Arts; Asthma; Caliber; California; Candidate Disease Gene; Carbon; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Childhood Asthma; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Chronic Obstructive Asthma; Cohort Studies; Communities; Development; Disease; Education; Elderly; Enrollment; Epidemiologic Studies; Exercise; Exhalation; Exposure to; Family history of; Forced expiratory volume function; Geographic Information Systems; Grant; Growth; Hand; Health; Home environment; Housing; Hypersensitivity; Incidence; Income; Inflammation; Inflammatory Response; Joints; Life; Link; Location; Measurement; Measures; Metals; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Monitor; Nitric Oxide; Nitrogen Dioxide; Obesity; Obstructive Lung Diseases; Outcome; Oxidants; Ozone; Participant; Particulate; Particulate Matter; Pathogenesis; Policies; Policy Developments; Pollution; Population; Predisposition; Prevalence; Psychosocial Stress; Puberty; Public Health; Rate; Recording of previous events; Research Personnel; Resources; Respiratory physiology; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Schools; Severities; Site; Smoke; Statistical Models; Stress; Symptoms; Tobacco smoke; Transition Elements; Urban Population; Variant; Vital capacity; Water; Work; airway inflammation; base; clinically significant; cohort; development policy; experience; follow-up; in utero; innovation; particulate pollutant; pet animal; pollutant; programs; prospective; regional pollution; respiratory; sex; size; social; therapy development; trafficking; young adult

This study will investigate the role of traffic-related pollution in childhood asthma and lung function. The work will capitalize on findings from the southern California Children's Health Study (CHS), a population-based prospective cohort study. The CHS includes children from southern California communities that vary in regional air quality. We have found clinically significant lung function deficits, increased incidence of asthma, and increased respiratory symptoms among those living in communities with high regional pollution, compared to lower-pollution communities. We have found increased rates of prevalent and incident asthma and decreased lung function growth associated with indicators of traffic that vary within communities. These within-community associations with traffic indicators have been independent of the effects of regional pollution. We have also identified children susceptible to respiratory effects of oxidant pollutants, based on history of asthma, specific candidate genes, sex, in utero tobacco smoke exposure, and early life deficits in airway flow rates. We propose to build on these results by investigating the relationship between airways disease and specific traffic-related pollutants likely to be causing these effects. We hypothesize that respiratory effects will be linked to variation in toxicologically relevant components of particulate matter. including transition metals and total and water soluble organic carbon, which will be measured in different size fractions (PM[0.25], PM[0.25-2.5] and PM[2.5-10]). We will examine (1) associations of these specific traffic-related pollutants and gaseous co-pollutants with well-characterized incident asthma and with lung function level and growth; and (2) modification of the effect of traffic-related pollutant effects on lung function growth by asthma and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO, a marker of airway inflammation). In addition, we will jointly model respiratory outcomes, including asthma, lung function, and other available respiratory health indicators including eNO, that may reflect vulnerability to effects of particulate air pollution. Longitudinal lung function will be measured in 1,900 children between approximately 11 and 15 years of age and new-onset asthma cases will be identified. Particulate and gaseous pollutants will be monitored at multiple locations within each of eight study communities that have large within-community gradients in traffic and between-community variation in regional air quality. Long-term average exposures will be estimated for each child, using state-of- the-art GIS methods and spatial modeling. This study will further our understanding of the childhood origins of obstructive lung disease and has important implications for development of interventions and regulatory policy, since traffic is a common exposure and asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are major public health problems.

这项研究将调查交通相关污染对儿童哮喘和肺功能的影响。工作 将利用南加州儿童健康研究 (CHS) 的研究结果，这是一项以人口为基础的研究 前瞻性队列研究。 CHS 包括来自南加州社区的儿童，这些社区的情况各不相同 区域空气质量。我们发现临床上显着的肺功能缺陷、哮喘发病率增加、 居住在区域污染严重的社区的人呼吸道症状增加， 与污染较低的社区相比。我们发现哮喘患病率和发病率有所增加 与社区内不同交通指标相关的肺功能增长下降。这些 社区内与交通指标的关联独立于区域因素的影响 污染。我们还根据以下数据确定了易受氧化污染物呼吸道影响的儿童： 哮喘病史、特定候选基因、性别、子宫内烟草烟雾暴露以及早期生活缺陷 气道流速。我们建议在这些结果的基础上调查航空公司之间的关系 疾病和特定的交通相关污染物可能会造成这些影响。我们假设 呼吸系统影响将与颗粒物毒理学相关成分的变化有关。 包括过渡金属以及总有机碳和水溶性有机碳，这些将在不同的环境中进行测量 大小分数（PM[0.25]、PM[0.25-2.5] 和 PM[2.5-10]）。我们将检查（1）这些特定流量相关的关联 具有明确的哮喘事件特征和肺功能的污染物和气态共污染物 水平和成长； (2) 改变交通相关污染物对肺功能生长的影响 由哮喘和呼出的一氧化氮（eNO，气道炎症的标志物）引起。此外，我们还将联合建模 呼吸系统结果，包括哮喘、肺功能和其他可用的呼吸系统健康指标 包括 eNO，这可能反映出易受颗粒物空气污染影响的脆弱性。纵向肺功能 将对 1,900 名大约 11 至 15 岁的儿童和新发哮喘患者进行测量 案件将会被查明。颗粒物和气态污染物将在每个区域内的多个位置进行监测 八个研究社区的社区内和社区间交通梯度较大 区域空气质量的变化。将使用状态来估计每个儿童的长期平均暴露量 最先进的 GIS 方法和空间建模。这项研究将加深我们对童年的了解 阻塞性肺病的起源，对干预措施和治疗的发展具有重要意义 监管政策，因为交通是一种常见的暴露以及哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病 是重大公共卫生问题。