Effects of Stressors on Drug Use in Young, Poor Women

本研究的目的是探讨压力因素对药物滥用和依赖的影响， 由应对方式改变。年轻、低收入的妇女在大多数研究中没有得到足够的关注 压力和药物紊乱，这些年轻女性处于药物使用增加的年龄组， 压力的负担。将进行一项前瞻性队列研究，以将压力源的增加与 药物紊乱，以及药物使用进展到滥用和依赖。在这项研究中，共有600名 12-月吸毒者（311名非西班牙裔白色，103名非西班牙裔黑人和186名西班牙裔女性） 将接受采访。这些详细的访谈将在基线、12个月和24个月时进行。在 在面谈期间，将每隔一个月进行一次简短的电话面谈。 参与者将参加24个国家资助的诊所之一，提供妇科和生殖服务。 CAPI方法将用于每次面试。参与者将被要求亲自或通过邮件提供， 四份唾液样本用于四项皮质醇测试，一份尿液样本用于药物测试。 这项建议的主要目的是：（1）研究和报告压力暴露的流行病学， 特别是操作性压力源（定义为最近和正在进行的 压力源），在年轻，低收入妇女随着时间的推移;（2）了解和检查的关系， 通过理论驱动的假设，随着时间的推移，DSM-IV滥用/依赖发作的操作性压力源 (eg（3）研究个体的应对方式是否改变了不同的人际关系。 滥用/依赖的操作性压力源。 我们的第二个目的是（1）检查药物障碍对压力源的相互影响;（2） 按民族/种族状况检查上述关系。 我们将进行一个相对全面但有重点的调查，在年轻，低- 收入妇女和压力因素与这一弱势群体中药物紊乱的关系。来阐明这些 这种关系应有助于制定有针对性的、有效的预防和干预措施， 成年后从吸毒到滥用和依赖的过渡。

The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of stressors to drug abuse and dependence, as modified by coping style. Young, low-income women have received inadequate attention in most studies of stress and drug disorder, and these young women are in an age group with increasing drug use and burdens of stress. A prospective cohort study will be conducted to relate increases in stressors to onset of drug disorder, as well as progression of drug use, to abuse and dependence. In this study, a total of 600 12-month drug users (with 311 non-Hispanic white, 103 non-Hispanic black, and 186 Hispanic women) will be interviewed. These detailed interviews will occur in person at baseline, 12, and 24 months. In between the in-person interviews, brief telephone interviews will be conducted every other month. Participants will attend one of 24 state-funded clinics providing gynecological and reproductive services. CAPI methods will be used for each interview. Participants will be asked to provide, in person or by mail, four saliva samples for four cortisol tests and one urine sample for a drug test panel. The primary aims of this proposal are to: (1) study and report the epidemiology of stress exposure, particularly operant stressors (defined as the occurrences and accumulation of recent and ongoing stressors), in young, low-income women over time; (2) understand and examine the relationships of operant stressors with onset of DSM-IV abuse/dependence over time through theory-driven hypotheses (eg, self-medication); (3) examine whether an individual's coping style modify the relationships of different operant stressors with abuse/dependence. Our secondary aims are to (1) to examine the reciprocal effects of drug disorder on stressors; (2) to examine the above relationships by ethnic/racial status. We will conduct a relatively comprehensive but focused investigation of operant stressors in young, low- income women and the relation of stressors to drug disorder in this vulnerable population. Clarifying such relationship should help in the development of targeted, effective preventions and interventions to prevent transitions from drug use to abuse and dependence in adulthood.