Heritability of Neuroanatomical Asymmetries in Primates

灵长类动物神经解剖不对称的遗传力

• 批准号: 8322577
• 负责人: WILLIAM D HOPKINS
• 金额: $ 32.17万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8322577
• 关键词: Area; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Back; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Brain; Brain region; Cerebral Dominance; Clinical; Data; Development; Dimensions; Dyslexia; Environment; Evolution; Face; Fostering; Genetic; Goals; Heritability; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Learning Disabilities; Left; Life; Link; MRI Scans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Mental disorders; Motor; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurons; Pan Genus; Pattern; Pongidae; Primates; Production; Psychotic Disorders; Right cerebral hemisphere; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Siblings; Stuttering; Surface; Testing; Thick; Variant; Williams Syndrome; base; cognitive function; cohort; density; experience; genetic pedigree; gray matter; in vivo; interest; morphometry; motor control; nervous system disorder; non-genetic; social; sound; specific language impairment; statistics; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Hemispheric specialization refers to lateralized motor, perceptual and cognitive functions to the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Studies have shown that individual variation in patterns of neuroanatomical and behavioral asymmetries are associated with various clinical problems such as major psychoses (schizophrenia), neurodevelopmental disorders such as William's syndrome, autism and stuttering and learning disabilities such as dyslexia and specific language impairment. The long-term goals of the proposed studies are to identify the genetic and non-genetic mechanisms that influence the development of hemispheric specialization in primates. One aspect of the proposal will assess the independent and potential interactive effects of genetic and early social rearing factors on the development of brain asymmetries in primates. Notably, heritability estimates in brain asymmetries will be computed in genetically related individuals that have been reared together or apart during the first three years life. In a second part of the proposed studies, post-mortem brains will be obtained from primates and cytoarchitectonic analyses will be performed for 8 distinct Brodmann's regions. Individual cytoarchitectonic maps will be derived for each ape and these will be registered to a template brain. Subsequently probabilistic maps of these regions will be created and applied to a large sample of in vivo MRI scans (N > 290) registered to the same template in order to estimate grey matter volumes of each cytoarchtectonic region. Heritabilty estimates of the grey matter volumes will then computed in the entire sample in relation to known pedigrees. Lastly, analyses will be performed to examine whether variation in asymmetries in both in vivo and post-mortem brains are associated with oro- facial motor control among related and unrelated individuals. In particular, these analyses aim to assess whether developing oro-facial motor control associated with the production of intentional vocalizations results in cortical reorganization within the primary and premotor cortex. Collectively the results of this study will provide critical information on the influence of genetic and early rearing factors on both the development and evolution of hemispheric specialization in primates.

描述（由申请人提供）：半球特化是指左右大脑半球的偏侧化运动、知觉和认知功能。研究表明，神经解剖和行为不对称模式的个体差异与各种临床问题有关，例如严重精神病（精神分裂症）、威廉氏综合症等神经发育障碍、自闭症和口吃以及阅读障碍和特定语言障碍等学习障碍。拟议研究的长期目标是确定影响灵长类动物半球特化发展的遗传和非遗传机制。该提案的一方面将评估遗传和早期社会养育因素对灵长类动物大脑不对称发展的独立和潜在的相互作用影响。值得注意的是，大脑不对称性的遗传力估计将在出生后三年内一起或分开抚养的遗传相关个体中进行计算。在拟议研究的第二部分中，将从灵长类动物身上获得死后大脑，并对 8 个不同的布罗德曼区域进行细胞结构分析。将为每只猿导出单独的细胞结构图，并将这些图记录到模板大脑中。随后将创建这些区域的概率图，并将其应用于注册到同一模板的体内 MRI 扫描的大样本（N > 290），以估计每个细胞结构区域的灰质体积。然后将根据已知谱系在整个样本中计算灰质体积的遗传性估计。最后，将进行分析以检查体内和死后大脑的不对称性变化是否与相关和无关个体的口面部运动控制有关。特别是，这些分析旨在评估与有意发声的产生相关的口面部运动控制的发展是否会导致初级皮层和前运动皮层内的皮层重组。总的来说，这项研究的结果将提供关于遗传和早期饲养因素对灵长类动物半球特化的发展和进化的影响的关键信息。