Feasibility of Shaping Tolerance for Delayed Rewards in Impulsive 3-5 year olds

塑造3-5岁冲动儿童延迟奖励容忍度的可行性

• 批准号: 9337480
• 负责人: JULIE B. SCHWEITZER
• 金额: $ 7.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-25 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9337480
• 关键词: 5 year old; Age; Alpha Cell; Automobile Driving; Biological Assay; Candy; Cellular Phone; Child; Child Mental Health; Clinical Trials; Computers; Control Groups; Data; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Devices; Early Intervention; Ensure; Exhibits; Experimental Designs; Family; Future; Goals; Hour; Hypersensitivity; Impulsivity; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Learning; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nursery Schools; Parents; Pilot Projects; Play; Prevention; Prevention program; Procedures; Process; Research; Rewards; Self-control as a personality trait; Shapes; Societies; Strategic Planning; Substance abuse problem; Suicide attempt; System; Systems Theory; Tablets; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Translations; aged; base; cognitive control; cognitive training; computerized; cost; design; discount; discounting; executive function; experience; improved; innovation; intervention program; kindergarten; mobile application; negative affect; personalized intervention; physical conditioning; public health relevance; response; social; success; teacher

Problems with self-control are of major relevance to public health as they are associated with increased substance abuse, impulsive suicidality, poor academic and social success, financial planning, physical and mental health, impacting both individuals and society. The development of self-control is a critically important process toward success in the school environment and in peer relationships, yet there are few nonpharmacological approaches that have been successful in increasing self-control. Parents prefer nonpharmacological approaches, particularly for young children. A study by Schweitzer and Sulzer-Azaroff [1] demonstrated that self-control could be increased in preschool-aged children with high rates of impulsivity by using a “shaping” procedure in which delays to larger, more delayed rewards were gradually increased. This finding has yet to be replicated. Our goal in this current proof of project study is to test the feasibility of adapting the procedure to gaming technology. In this proof of concept study we will develop and test an Android-based application, DelTA (delay tolerance app), designed to run on current generation tablet computers and cell phones and assess its feasibility for increasing choices of larger delayed rewards over small, sooner rewards. The app will be designed to present choices to the children between immediate, short periods of game playing versus delayed, longer periods of game playing. The delays to the game playing will be gradually increased, thereby teaching the child “tolerance” to delay, or self-control, as the child learns to wait for the reward. The app will also titrate the delays to the reward depending upon the child’s individual response. This project is necessary to help identify the procedures necessary to assess self-control in this age group, including the timing and size of the rewards used in the procedures, for preparation of a clinical trial. The use of real time rewards in the experimental setting with humans is rare, but also potentially much more effective over the traditional use of hypothetical rewards and delays. Our real time, “consumable-game playing rewards” will be developmentally appropriate and ecologically-valid. This proof of concept project is necessary to establish feasibility including to test if gaming technology can be used to deliver the rewards in discrete units, for this age group, in a manner that is developmentally appropriate. Findings from this project will then be used to further modify the intervention and to ultimately test it in future R21 or R01 projects that will develop ways to build in generalization of the intervention to the home and school environment. This project is consistent with the translational approach in response to NIDA’s Prevention and Treatment Objectives in the 2010 Strategic Plan and NIMH’s RDoC Objective “Developing new ways of classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures.”

自我控制问题与公共卫生有重大关系，因为它们与增加的 物质滥用，冲动性自杀，学业和社会成就差，财务规划，身体和 心理健康，影响个人和社会。自我控制的发展是至关重要的 在学校环境和同伴关系中走向成功的过程，但很少有 非药物方法已经成功地提高了自我控制能力。父母更喜欢 非药物治疗，特别是对幼儿。Schweitzer和Sulzer-Azaroff的研究[1] 证明自我控制可以提高学龄前儿童的冲动率高， 使用“成形”程序，其中延迟到更大，更延迟的奖励逐渐增加。这 这一发现还有待复制。我们在当前项目研究证明中的目标是测试 使该过程适应游戏技术。在这个概念验证研究中，我们将开发和测试一个 基于Android的应用程序，DelTA（延迟容忍应用程序），设计用于在当前一代平板电脑上运行 电脑和手机，并评估其可行性，增加选择更大的延迟奖励， 小的，更快的奖励。该应用程序将被设计为向孩子们提供选择， 玩游戏的时间段与延迟的、更长的玩游戏的时间段。游戏的延迟将 逐渐增加，从而教会孩子“容忍”延迟，或自我控制，因为孩子学会了 等待奖励。该应用程序还将根据孩子的个人情况， 反应这个项目是必要的，以帮助确定必要的程序，以评估自我控制在这个年龄 组，包括在程序中使用的奖励的时间和大小，为临床试验的准备。 在人类的实验环境中使用真实的时间奖励是罕见的，但也可能更多 有效超过传统的使用假设的奖励和延迟。我们的"真实的时间“，消费型游戏 奖励”将是发展适当的和生态有效的。这个概念验证项目是必要的 建立可行性，包括测试游戏技术是否可以用于以离散方式提供奖励， 单位，为这个年龄组，以发展适当的方式。 该项目的结果将用于进一步修改干预措施，并最终在 未来的R21或R 01项目将开发将干预措施推广到家庭的方法， 学校环境。这个项目是符合翻译的方法，以回应NIDA的预防 2010年战略计划和NIMH的RDoC目标中的“开发新的方法， 根据可观察到的行为和神经生物学指标对精神障碍进行分类。”