A Community-Based Evaluation of Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children

对孤儿和弱势儿童干预措施的社区评估

• 批准号: 9278218
• 负责人: ELENA L GRIGORENKO
• 金额: $ 51.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9278218
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Academic achievement; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Administrator; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Age; Area; Award; Behavioral; Brain; Caregivers; Caring; Catchment Area; Characteristics; Child; Child Care; Child Development; Child Support; Church; Cognitive; Collaborations; Communication; Communities; Computers; Country; Data; Data Base Management; Development; Educational workshop; Effectiveness; Electronic Mail; Ensure; Epidemic; Evaluation Research; Foundations; Funding; Future; HIV; HIV Infections; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Home environment; Hospitals; Household; Human Resources; Individual; Infection; Institution; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Life; Living Arrangement; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Methods; Mission; Orphan; Outcome; Outcome Study; Parents; Patients; Population; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Primary Schools; Program Evaluation; Province; Public Health; Questionnaires; Radial; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Rural; Rural Community; Sampling; Scholarship; School Enrollments; School-Age Population; Schools; Services; Support System; Surveys; Sustainable Development; System; Time; Training; Translating; Trust; Visit; Word Processing; Work; Zambia; base; child protection; cognitive ability; cognitive development; cognitive testing; community based evaluation; design; follow-up; girls; health care service; informant; learning outcome; low and middle-income countries; pandemic disease; programs; public health relevance; rural area; skills; social; symposium; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by high absolute rates of HIV/AIDS infection and high rates of new infections. There are approximately 16.6 million AIDS orphans (children who have lost one or both parents to HIV/AIDS), 14.8 million of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa1. These orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are the focus of the proposed work. Specifically, we intend to work in Zambia, a sub-Saharan country with high rates of infection and as many as 600,000 children orphaned by HIV/AIDS and another 150,000 (ages 0-14) living with HIV/AIDS. Rather than focusing on specific OVC interventions, we will focus on all interventions administered within a 25km radius of a well-established regional hospital, Macha Mission Hospital (MMH), to assess their effects on the OVC in the area. We will do this in two steps. First, we will construct a representative sample of ~1,000 OVC, ages 7-17, and characterize them using an array of well-defined indicators that focus on their health, well-being, and cognitive, academic, and adaptive functioning. This characterization will be longitudinal, with at least 3 time points for each individual. Second, we will identify and characterize all interventions that are delivered to these OVC, first via information from the OVC themselves and their caregivers, then by surveying the providing organizations. Using a mixed-method design, we will assemble qualitative and quantitative evidence, describing key components of the existing programs to differentiate, at least preliminarily, the effectiveness of the present interventions. We hypothesize that interventions with a strong component aimed at safeguarding OVC access to continuous schooling of adequate quality will stand out as most promising with respect to ensuring OVC's developmental potential.

 描述(申请人提供)：撒哈拉以南非洲的特点是艾滋病毒/艾滋病绝对感染率高，新感染率高。约有1660万艾滋病孤儿(因艾滋病毒/艾滋病失去父母一方或双亲的儿童)，其中1480万人生活在撒哈拉以南非洲1。这些孤儿和弱势儿童(OVC)是拟议工作的重点。具体地说，我们打算在赞比亚工作，这是一个感染率很高的撒哈拉以南国家，有多达60万名因艾滋病毒/艾滋病而成为孤儿的儿童，另有15万名(0-14岁)艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者。我们不会把重点放在具体的OVC干预措施上，而是将重点放在一家成熟的地区医院--马查教会医院(MMH)半径25公里范围内实施的所有干预措施上，以评估它们对该地区OVC的影响。我们将分两步完成这项工作。首先，我们将构建一个具有代表性的样本，约1,000名OVC，年龄在7-17岁之间，并使用一系列明确定义的指标来描述他们的特征，这些指标侧重于他们的健康、幸福感以及认知、学习和适应功能。这种特征将是纵向的，每个人至少有3个时间点。第二，我们将确定和 描述向这些OVC提供的所有干预措施，首先通过OVC本身及其照顾者提供的信息，然后通过调查提供服务的组织。使用混合方法设计，我们将收集定性和定量证据，描述现有计划的关键组成部分，以区分目前干预措施的有效性，至少初步区分。我们假设，旨在保障残疾儿童获得适当质量的连续教育的强有力的干预措施在确保残疾儿童的发展潜力方面将是最有希望的。