Circuit and Synaptic Mechanisms of Visual Spatial Attention

视觉空间注意力的回路和突触机制

• 批准号: 9788122
• 负责人: Bilal Haider
• 金额: $ 43.67万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9788122
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Affect; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Attentional deficit; Behavior; Behavioral; Biophysical Process; Biophysics; Cells; Cognitive; Dementia; Detection; Disease; Electrodes; Goals; Impairment; Knowledge; Location; Measurement; Measures; Mus; Neurologic; Neurons; Outcome; Output; Perception; Population; Positioning Attribute; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Silicon; Site; Stimulus; Synapses; Techniques; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Training; Transgenic Mice; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Work; area striata; autism spectrum disorder; behavioral response; cell type; density; design; effective therapy; excitatory neuron; experimental study; improved; inhibitory neuron; innovation; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuromechanism; optogenetics; patch clamp; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; sensory stimulus; visual receptive field; visual stimulus

Sensory processing is a way to understand neural circuits and their functions during behavior. Behavioral context strongly affects sensory processing. For example, a brief visual stimulus is easier to detect if it appears in a predictable spatial location. Attention to visual space strongly enhances neural and behavioral responses to stimuli in those locations, but the detailed neural mechanisms producing these effects remain unknown. This is largely because we lack the ability to measure specific neurons, circuits, and synapses in real-time during behavior that elicits visual spatial attention. We are uniquely positioned to bridge this critical knowledge gap with an innovative combination of cell-type specific optogenetics, multi-site silicon electrode recordings, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) during a well-defined visual spatial attention behavior. This innovative combination of techniques will enable us to 1) determine response (gain) modulation in defined excitatory and inhibitory neurons during spatial attention; 2) determine gain modulation across cortical layers during spatial attention; 3) determine synaptic mechanisms of gain modulation during spatial attention SIGNIFICANCE. This project will meet a significant need to understand how an internal cognitive state—attention—exerts its effects across synaptic, cellular, network, and behavioral levels. Establishing a biophysical basis for attention and sensory processing will provide greater understanding of neurological disorders characterized by deficits of attention and sensory perception, such as schizophrenia and autism. INNOVATION. This work provides technical innovation by combining multiple scales of measurement from specific neural circuits during a well-controlled sensory behavior that elicits spatial attention. We will combine high-density local field potential and action potential measurements at population level, patch-clamp measurements from cortical and thalamic circuits at the synaptic level, and cell-type specific optogenetics. We provide conceptual innovation by defining how an internal cognitive factor like attention modulates sensory signals in defined circuits across network and synaptic levels.

感觉处理是一种理解神经回路及其在行为过程中的功能的方法。 行为背景强烈影响感觉加工。例如，短暂的视觉刺激是 如果它出现在可预测的空间位置，则更容易检测到。强烈关注视觉空间 增强对这些位置刺激的神经和行为反应，但详细的神经 产生这些效应的机制仍然未知。这主要是因为我们缺乏 能够在行为过程中实时测量特定的神经元、回路和突触， 视觉空间注意力。我们处于独特的地位，可以弥合这一关键的知识差距 与细胞类型特异性光遗传学、多位点硅电极 记录和小鼠初级视皮质（V1）中的全细胞膜片钳记录 明确的视觉空间注意行为。这种创新的技术组合将 使我们能够1）确定在定义的兴奋性和抑制性反应（增益）调制 神经元在空间注意; 2）确定增益调制跨皮质层期间， 空间注意; 3）确定空间注意过程中增益调制的突触机制 意义这个项目将满足一个重要的需要，了解如何内部 认知状态--注意力--在突触、细胞、网络和神经网络中发挥作用。 行为水平。为注意力和感觉处理建立一个生物物理学基础， 更好地了解以注意力缺陷为特征的神经系统疾病 和感官知觉，如精神分裂症和自闭症。 创新这项工作提供了技术创新，结合多种尺度的 在一个良好控制的感觉行为期间， 空间注意力。我们将联合收割机结合高密度局部场电位和动作电位 群体水平的测量，皮层和丘脑的膜片钳测量 突触水平的电路和细胞类型特异性光遗传学。我们提供概念 通过定义像注意力这样的内部认知因素如何调节感觉信号来进行创新 在网络和突触层面上的定义电路中。