Circuit and Synaptic Mechanisms of Visual Spatial Attention

视觉空间注意力的回路和突触机制

• 批准号: 10231187
• 负责人: Bilal Haider
• 金额: $ 43.67万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10231187
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Affect; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Attentional deficit; Behavior; Behavioral; Biophysical Process; Biophysics; Cells; Cognitive; Dementia; Detection; Disease; Electrodes; Goals; Impairment; Knowledge; Location; Measurement; Measures; Mus; Neurologic; Neurons; Outcome; Output; Perception; Population; Positioning Attribute; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Silicon; Site; Stimulus; Synapses; Techniques; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Training; Transgenic Mice; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Work; area striata; autism spectrum disorder; behavioral response; cell type; density; design; effective therapy; excitatory neuron; experimental study; improved; inhibitory neuron; innovation; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuromechanism; optogenetics; patch clamp; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; sensory stimulus; visual receptive field; visual stimulus

Sensory processing is a way to understand neural circuits and their functions during behavior. Behavioral context strongly affects sensory processing. For example, a brief visual stimulus is easier to detect if it appears in a predictable spatial location. Attention to visual space strongly enhances neural and behavioral responses to stimuli in those locations, but the detailed neural mechanisms producing these effects remain unknown. This is largely because we lack the ability to measure specific neurons, circuits, and synapses in real-time during behavior that elicits visual spatial attention. We are uniquely positioned to bridge this critical knowledge gap with an innovative combination of cell-type specific optogenetics, multi-site silicon electrode recordings, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) during a well-defined visual spatial attention behavior. This innovative combination of techniques will enable us to 1) determine response (gain) modulation in defined excitatory and inhibitory neurons during spatial attention; 2) determine gain modulation across cortical layers during spatial attention; 3) determine synaptic mechanisms of gain modulation during spatial attention SIGNIFICANCE. This project will meet a significant need to understand how an internal cognitive state—attention—exerts its effects across synaptic, cellular, network, and behavioral levels. Establishing a biophysical basis for attention and sensory processing will provide greater understanding of neurological disorders characterized by deficits of attention and sensory perception, such as schizophrenia and autism. INNOVATION. This work provides technical innovation by combining multiple scales of measurement from specific neural circuits during a well-controlled sensory behavior that elicits spatial attention. We will combine high-density local field potential and action potential measurements at population level, patch-clamp measurements from cortical and thalamic circuits at the synaptic level, and cell-type specific optogenetics. We provide conceptual innovation by defining how an internal cognitive factor like attention modulates sensory signals in defined circuits across network and synaptic levels.

感觉处理是理解神经回路及其在行为过程中的功能的一种方式。