Defining nanomaterial-biological interactions to enhance biocompatibility and bio

描述（由申请人提供）：纳米技术是一个使能平台，由于纳米材料固有的独特物理和化学性质，将为生物医学科学提供广泛的新应用和改进技术。 与有前途的生物医学纳米技术的发展和纳米材料的安全性有关的是对纳米材料-生物相互作用的透彻理解。 然而，由于目前缺乏数据，纳米材料的巨大多样性，以及缺乏分享研究结果和将数据转化为知识的协调努力，可能预测纳米材料与生物系统相互作用的主要特征尚未得到阐明。 胚胎斑马鱼模型是一个动态的体内系统，它提供了整体动物研究的能力，并提供了细胞培养的便利，以快速评估工程纳米材料和生物系统之间的相互作用。 使用该模型系统的研究可以揭示生物组织的多个层次上的微妙相互作用，即分子，细胞，系统，有机体。 我们的方法将胚胎斑马鱼检测的许多优点与理想的纳米颗粒平台相结合，以系统地评估各种理化参数对纳米材料暴露的整体生物反应的相对影响。 在水环境中合成的高纯度配体功能化金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）可以被精确地设计，从而可以独立地评估材料的各个方面。 众所周知，来自这一新兴领域的数据将极其多样化，包括正在/或将在广泛的动物系统和体外试验中进行测试的多种广泛变化的纳米材料。 纳米材料-生物相互作用的知识可能只有在纳入和考虑该研究领域全球努力产生的全部数据后才能获得。 为了解决这些需求在nanobiotechnology的新生领域，我们的小组已经开发了一个协作知识库的纳米材料生物相互作用（NB）。 NBI知识库是一个关于纳米材料表征、合成方法和纳米材料-生物相互作用的注释数据库，定义在生物组织的多个层面。 相关的计算、分析和数据挖掘工具将被纳入国家生物信息学框架，用于物种、路径、剂量和情景外推，并用于确定预测纳米材料生物相互作用所需的关键数据。 公共卫生相关性：新的纳米材料正在迅速开发，用于广泛的生物医学应用（例如高性能诊断探针、位点选择性治疗、修复、再生医学、成像等），因此，令人惊讶的是，人们对纳米材料如何或为什么与生物系统相互作用知之甚少，对如何设计它们以在整个动物中表现出所需的效果更是知之甚少。 迫切需要获得关于生物-纳米材料相互作用的全面信息，这需要进行系统的、协作性的科学调查，以确定纳米材料-生物相互作用，并描述纳米材料的具体特性如何支配生物反应。 及时评估和传播有关纳米材料-生物相互作用的信息将提供急需的数据，提高公众对纳米技术行业的信任，并为学术界和工业界的纳米材料设计者提供信息，以指导开发高性能、安全的纳米材料和由此产生的生物医学技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nanotechnology is an enabling platform that will provide a broad range of novel applications and improved technologies for biomedical science due to the unique physical and chemical properties inherent to nanomaterials. Pertinent to the development of promising biomedical nanotechnologies, and to the safety of nanomaterials in general, is a thorough understanding of nanomaterial-biological interactions. Yet, the principal characteristics that may be predictive of nanomaterial interactions with biological systems have not been elucidated because of the current lack of data, the enormous diversity of nanomaterials, and the lack of coordinated efforts to share findings and translate data into knowledge. The embryonic zebrafish model is a dynamic in vivo system that offers the power of whole-animal investigations with the convenience of cell culture to rapidly evaluate interactions between engineered nanomaterials and biological systems. Investigations using this model system can reveal subtle interactions at multiple levels of biological organization, i.e. molecular, cellular, systems, organismal. Our approach couples the many advantages of the embryonic zebrafish assay with an ideal nanoparticle platform in order to systematically assess the relative influence of various physiochemical parameters on overall biological responses to nanomaterial exposure. High-purity, ligand-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in aqueous environments can be precisely engineered such that individual aspects of the material can be evaluated independently. It is well understood that data from this emerging field will be extremely diverse including a multitude of widely varying nanomaterials that are being/or will be tested in a broad array of animal systems and in vitro assays. Knowledge of nanomaterial-biological interactions will likely only be arrived at upon inclusion and consideration of the entire body of data produced from global efforts in this research area. To address these needs in the nascent field of nanobiotechnology, our group has developed a collaborative knowledgebase of Nanomaterial-Biological Interactions (NB). The NBI knowledgebase serves as a repository for annotated data on nanomaterial characterization, synthesis methods, and nanomaterial-biological interactions define at multiple levels of biological organization. Relevant computational, analytic and data mining tools will be incorporated into NBI to the framework for species, route, dose and scenario extrapolations and for identification of key data required to predict the biological interactions of nanomaterials. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: New nanomaterials are rapidly being developed for a wide range of biomedical applications (e.g. high-performance diagnostic probes, site-selective therapeutics, prosthetics, regenerative medicine, imaging, etc.), so it is surprising that so little is known about how or why nanomaterials interact with biological systems and even less is known about how to design them to exhibit a desired effect in whole animals. The immediate need to gain comprehensive information on biological-nanomaterial interactions requires systematic, collaborative scientific investigation to define nanomaterial-biological interactions and describe how specific properties of nanomaterials govern biological responses. Timely evaluation and dissemination of information on nanomaterial-biological interactions will provide much needed data, improve public trust of the nanotechnology industry, and provide nanomaterial designers in academia and industry with information to direct the development of high-performance, safe nanomaterials and resulting biomedical technologies.