Childhood Maltreatment and the Transition to Parenting: A Psychobiological Model

项目概要/摘要 过去三十年见证了人们对童年长期后果的兴趣激增 虐待（CM）及其与幸存者及其子女的社会情绪调整的关系。事先 研究将 CM 历史与成人人际功能的许多领域联系起来，包括增加的风险 针对抑郁、焦虑和父母角色问题。尽管人们的兴趣日益浓厚 文献中，对于 CM 可能相关的机制，我们仍然有很多不知道或不了解的地方 对于有虐待史的女性来说，抑郁、焦虑和养育子女的困难，也不是生理上的 可能支撑这些关联的途径。拟议的研究旨在确定生物学 CM 可能与抑郁症等情绪障碍的易感性增加有关的机制 对于有虐待历史的女性来说，养育行为不那么敏感，更具侵入性。我们将招募 七十名第一次当妈妈的人和她们六个月大的婴儿，其中一半有自我报告的虐待史，一半 没有。母亲将参加实验室评估，以表征她们的生理应激反应 使用标准化社会压力测试来引发下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）和 交感神经系统（SNS）反应性。此外，还有十分钟的亲子自由游戏互动 家中的敏感和侵入性养育行为将被录像和编码。鉴于普遍存在 CM 对多个功能领域的影响，这项研究将为 文献通过识别显着的中间心理生物学变量来调节之间的关系 CM 和成人福祉和养育行为。 我的培训计划经过精心设计，为我提供了成功实施这一目标的必要组成部分 研究并准备我成为一名独立调查员并建立一个研究组合，其中包括 强调生物标志物对有虐待历史的母亲的养育行为的研究。第一个是 开发压力反应神经内分泌轴（HPA 和 SNS）的知识库，以便 调查有 CM 病史的女性的失调情况。第二个目标是扩展我的知识 CM 的流行病学和后遗症，以更好地了解虐待如何影响儿童的福祉 多代。第三个目标是发展技能、专业知识和培训，以促进我的工作。 从一名受指导的研究者成功转变为一名完全独立的研究科学家，能够 确保 R01 资金。本提案中阐述的培训包括时间安排、收集和分析 压力诱发的神经内分泌数据，熟练使用生物标志物数据进行中介分析，以及 拨款写作，将提供进行高影响力研究的技能，以确定早期的关键点 干预，从而改善旨在减轻 CM 终生负担的预防工作。

Project Summary/Abstract The past three decades have witnessed an explosion of interest in the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment (CM) and its association with the socioemotional adjustment of survivors and their children. Prior research links CM history with numerous domains of adult interpersonal functioning, including increased risk for depression, anxiety, and problems in the parental role. Despite the growing interest reflected in the literature, there is still much we do not know or understand about the mechanisms by which CM may be related to depression, anxiety, and parenting difficulties among women with abuse histories, nor the physiological pathways that may underpin these associations. The proposed study aims to identify the biological mechanisms by which CM may be related to increased vulnerability to mood disorders, such as depression, as well as less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behaviors for women with abuse histories. We will recruit seventy first time mothers and their 6-month old infants, half with self-reported maltreatment history and half without. Mothers will participate in laboratory assessments to characterize their physiologic stress response phenotype using a standardized social stress test to elicit hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity. Additionally, a ten minute parent-child free play interaction in the home will be video-recorded and coded for sensitive and intrusive parenting behavior. Given the pervasive effects of CM across multiple domains of functioning, this study will make a significant contribution to the literature by identifying salient intermediate psychobiological variables that mediate the relationship between CM and adult well-being and parenting behavior. My training plan has been crafted to provide me with the essential components to successfully implement this study and prepare me to be an independent investigator and to build a research portfolio that will incorporate stress biomarkers to the study of parenting behaviors of mothers with maltreatment histories. The first is to develop a knowledge base of the stress-responsive neuroendocrine axes (HPA and SNS) in order to investigate their dysregulation in women with a history of CM. The second goal is to expand my knowledge of the epidemiology and sequela of CM to better understand how maltreatment may impact the wellbeing of multiple generations. The third goal is to develop the skills, expertise, and training that will facilitate my successful transition from a mentored investigator into a fully independent research scientist capable of securing R01 funding. The training articulated in this proposal including the timing, collection and analyses of stress-induced neuroendocrine data, gaining proficiency in mediational analysis using biomarker data, and grant writing, will provide the skills to conduct high impact research identifying critical points of early intervention and, thus, improve prevention efforts aimed at reducing the lifelong burden of CM.