Childhood Maltreatment and the Transition to Parenting: A Psychobiological Model

项目摘要/摘要 在过去的三十年里，人们对童年的长期后果产生了极大的兴趣 虐待(CM)及其与幸存者及其子女的社会情绪适应的关系之前 研究将心肌梗塞病史与成人人际功能的许多领域联系起来，包括风险增加 对于抑郁、焦虑和父母角色中的问题。尽管越来越多的兴趣反映在 文献中，关于CM可能的相关机制，我们仍然有很多不知道或不了解的地方 对有虐待史的女性的抑郁、焦虑和育儿困难，也没有生理上的 可能支持这些联系的途径。这项拟议的研究旨在确定 CM可能与情绪障碍(如抑郁症)易感性增加有关的机制，如 以及对有虐待史的女性的不那么敏感和更具侵入性的育儿行为。我们将招募 71名第一次怀孕的母亲和她们6个月大的婴儿，一半有自我报告的虐待史，一半有 没有。母亲们将参加实验室评估，以确定她们的生理应激反应 使用标准化的社会压力测试来诱导下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)和 交感神经系统(SNS)反应。此外，还有10分钟的亲子自由游戏互动 家庭将被视频记录和编码，以应对敏感和侵入性的育儿行为。鉴于普遍存在的 CM对多个功能领域的影响，这项研究将对 通过确定显著的中间心理生物学变量来调节两者之间的关系 CM与成人幸福感和育儿行为的关系。 我的培训计划是精心设计的，旨在为我提供成功实施该计划所需的基本要素 学习并为我成为一名独立调查员做好准备，并建立一个研究组合，将 应激生物标志物用于研究有虐待史的母亲的育儿行为。第一个是 建立应激反应神经内分泌轴(HPA和SNS)的知识库，以便 在有CM病史的女性中调查他们的调节障碍。第二个目标是扩大我对 CM的流行病学和后遗症，以更好地了解虐待可能如何影响 世代繁衍。第三个目标是发展技能、专业知识和培训，以促进我的 成功地从一名有指导的研究员转变为一名完全独立的研究科学家，能够 获得R01资金。这项建议中阐明的培训，包括时间安排、收集和分析 压力诱导的神经内分泌数据，熟练使用生物标记物数据进行中介分析，以及 格兰特写作，将提供技能，以进行高影响的研究，确定临界点早期 干预措施，从而改善预防工作，以减轻CM终生负担。

Project Summary/Abstract The past three decades have witnessed an explosion of interest in the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment (CM) and its association with the socioemotional adjustment of survivors and their children. Prior research links CM history with numerous domains of adult interpersonal functioning, including increased risk for depression, anxiety, and problems in the parental role. Despite the growing interest reflected in the literature, there is still much we do not know or understand about the mechanisms by which CM may be related to depression, anxiety, and parenting difficulties among women with abuse histories, nor the physiological pathways that may underpin these associations. The proposed study aims to identify the biological mechanisms by which CM may be related to increased vulnerability to mood disorders, such as depression, as well as less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behaviors for women with abuse histories. We will recruit seventy first time mothers and their 6-month old infants, half with self-reported maltreatment history and half without. Mothers will participate in laboratory assessments to characterize their physiologic stress response phenotype using a standardized social stress test to elicit hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity. Additionally, a ten minute parent-child free play interaction in the home will be video-recorded and coded for sensitive and intrusive parenting behavior. Given the pervasive effects of CM across multiple domains of functioning, this study will make a significant contribution to the literature by identifying salient intermediate psychobiological variables that mediate the relationship between CM and adult well-being and parenting behavior. My training plan has been crafted to provide me with the essential components to successfully implement this study and prepare me to be an independent investigator and to build a research portfolio that will incorporate stress biomarkers to the study of parenting behaviors of mothers with maltreatment histories. The first is to develop a knowledge base of the stress-responsive neuroendocrine axes (HPA and SNS) in order to investigate their dysregulation in women with a history of CM. The second goal is to expand my knowledge of the epidemiology and sequela of CM to better understand how maltreatment may impact the wellbeing of multiple generations. The third goal is to develop the skills, expertise, and training that will facilitate my successful transition from a mentored investigator into a fully independent research scientist capable of securing R01 funding. The training articulated in this proposal including the timing, collection and analyses of stress-induced neuroendocrine data, gaining proficiency in mediational analysis using biomarker data, and grant writing, will provide the skills to conduct high impact research identifying critical points of early intervention and, thus, improve prevention efforts aimed at reducing the lifelong burden of CM.