Childhood Maltreatment and the Transition to Parenting: A Psychobiological Model

项目总结/摘要 在过去的三十年里，人们对童年的长期后果产生了极大的兴趣 虐待及其与幸存者及其子女的社会情绪调整的关系。之前 研究将CM历史与成人人际功能的许多领域联系起来，包括风险增加 抑郁，焦虑，以及父母角色的问题尽管越来越多的兴趣反映在 文献中，仍然有很多我们不知道或不了解的机制，其中CM可能是相关的 抑郁症，焦虑症，以及有虐待史的女性的育儿困难，也不是生理上的 可能支持这些关联的途径。这项研究旨在确定生物 CM可能与情绪障碍（如抑郁症）的易感性增加有关的机制， 以及对有虐待史的妇女不太敏感和更具侵入性的养育行为。我们将招募 70名第一次怀孕的母亲和她们6个月大的婴儿，其中一半有自我报告的虐待史，另一半有虐待史。 没有.母亲将参与实验室评估，以描述其生理应激反应 表型使用标准化的社会压力测试，以引出下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）， 交感神经系统（SNS）反应性。此外，十分钟的亲子自由游戏互动， 家庭将被录像和编码的敏感和侵入性的养育行为。鉴于无处不在的 CM在多个功能领域的影响，这项研究将作出重大贡献， 文献通过识别中介关系的显着中间心理生物学变量， CM与成人幸福感和养育行为。 我的培训计划是精心设计的，为我提供了成功实施这一目标的基本要素。 研究和准备我是一个独立的调查员，并建立一个研究组合，将纳入 压力生物标志物对研究有虐待史母亲的养育行为的作用。一是 开发压力反应神经内分泌轴（HPA和SNS）的知识库，以便 研究有CM病史的女性中它们的失调。第二个目标是扩大我的知识， CM的流行病学和后遗症，以更好地了解虐待如何影响 好几代人第三个目标是发展技能、专业知识和培训， 从一个有指导的研究者成功转变为一个完全独立的研究科学家， R01融资。本提案中所述的培训，包括时间安排、收集和分析 压力诱导的神经内分泌数据，熟练使用生物标志物数据进行中介分析， 赠款写作，将提供技能进行高影响力的研究，确定早期的关键点 因此，加强预防工作，旨在减少终身的CM负担。

Project Summary/Abstract The past three decades have witnessed an explosion of interest in the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment (CM) and its association with the socioemotional adjustment of survivors and their children. Prior research links CM history with numerous domains of adult interpersonal functioning, including increased risk for depression, anxiety, and problems in the parental role. Despite the growing interest reflected in the literature, there is still much we do not know or understand about the mechanisms by which CM may be related to depression, anxiety, and parenting difficulties among women with abuse histories, nor the physiological pathways that may underpin these associations. The proposed study aims to identify the biological mechanisms by which CM may be related to increased vulnerability to mood disorders, such as depression, as well as less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behaviors for women with abuse histories. We will recruit seventy first time mothers and their 6-month old infants, half with self-reported maltreatment history and half without. Mothers will participate in laboratory assessments to characterize their physiologic stress response phenotype using a standardized social stress test to elicit hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity. Additionally, a ten minute parent-child free play interaction in the home will be video-recorded and coded for sensitive and intrusive parenting behavior. Given the pervasive effects of CM across multiple domains of functioning, this study will make a significant contribution to the literature by identifying salient intermediate psychobiological variables that mediate the relationship between CM and adult well-being and parenting behavior. My training plan has been crafted to provide me with the essential components to successfully implement this study and prepare me to be an independent investigator and to build a research portfolio that will incorporate stress biomarkers to the study of parenting behaviors of mothers with maltreatment histories. The first is to develop a knowledge base of the stress-responsive neuroendocrine axes (HPA and SNS) in order to investigate their dysregulation in women with a history of CM. The second goal is to expand my knowledge of the epidemiology and sequela of CM to better understand how maltreatment may impact the wellbeing of multiple generations. The third goal is to develop the skills, expertise, and training that will facilitate my successful transition from a mentored investigator into a fully independent research scientist capable of securing R01 funding. The training articulated in this proposal including the timing, collection and analyses of stress-induced neuroendocrine data, gaining proficiency in mediational analysis using biomarker data, and grant writing, will provide the skills to conduct high impact research identifying critical points of early intervention and, thus, improve prevention efforts aimed at reducing the lifelong burden of CM.