Sensory Science and Metabolism; Molecular and Neuronal Mechanisms

感官科学与新陈代谢；

• 批准号: 10012706
• 负责人: Paule Joseph
• 金额: $ 66.38万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NURSING RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10012706
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adolescent Nutrition; Adolescent obesity; Affect; Anorexia Nervosa; Appointment; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral Mechanisms; Binge eating disorder; Body mass index; Bulimia; Cancer Patient; Child; Choice Behavior; Chronic Disease; Clinical; Clinical Protocols; Collaborations; Complex; Computing Methodologies; Constipation; Consumption; Correlation Studies; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnosis; Diarrhea; Diet; Discipline of Nursing; Disease; Distress; Double-Blind Method; Eating; Eating Behavior; Eating Disorders; Food; Frequencies; Future; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Order; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genomics; Goals; Health; Human; Human Microbiome; Hylobates Genus; Individual; Inpatients; Intention; Intervention; Laboratories; Leadership; Literature; Measures; Metabolic; Metabolism; Methodology; Molecular; Muscle Cramp; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neurons; Nurses; Nutritional status; Obesity; Outcome; Outpatients; Participant; Patient Care; Patients; Pattern; Phenotype; Play; Precision Health; Prevention; Probiotics; Process; Psychophysics; Reporting; Research; Role; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Sensory; Severities; Smell Perception; Socioeconomic Status; Symptoms; Taste Perception; Techniques; Translational Research; Translations; Weight; alcohol use disorder; associated symptom; chemotherapy; cohort; design; gastrointestinal symptom; improved; interest; metabolomics; metagenomic sequencing; microbiome; microbiome research; multiple omics; multisensory; muscular system; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; nutrition; obesity treatment; oncology; preference; satisfaction; sensory system; systematic review; transcriptomics

The Sensory Science and Metabolism (SenSMet) laboratory under the leadership of Dr. Paule Joseph had its inception in October 2017 (FY2018).Dr. Joseph began her secondary appointment with NIAAA this fiscal year (FY19). The SenSMet laboratory conducts translation and clinical inpatient and outpatient studies. Active collaborations to investigate areas of common interest in nutrition, taste, and obesity have been undertaken. Specifically, two double-blind clinical protocols for which sensory phenotyping measures have been implemented in collaboration with Dr Gary Gibbons (NIHGRI) and Dr. Kevin Hall (NIDDK). In addition, new collaborations develop to investigate neuronal mechanisms in obesity as well as multi-sensory studies in AUD/OUD participants. 1. Microbiome and Metabolites Designing Microbiome Studies: Implications in Nursing. Led by Katherine Maki. Nurse scientists are significant when studying complex relationships which contribute to human health and disease, including the microbiome and genetics. The purpose of this review was to highlight the important methodological factors to implement or design a microbiome study with the sole intention to be used as a guide for nurse scientists. The review emphasized the factors influencing the human microbiome along with methodologies on sample processing and metagenomic sequencing ( Maki et al, 2019). Metabolite Profiling in Healthy Children Following Probiotic Consumption. Led by Alexis Franks. This study examines metabolomic alterations in healthy children following probiotic consumption. Results are pending. 2. Sensory Systems: Gustation Taste Differences Among People with Eating Disorders. In collaboration with Dr. Ariana Chao, our team looked at alterations in taste with eating disorders. This systematic review examined research assessing taste differences, measured both psychophysically and with neuroimaging techniques, across individuals with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder). The results yielded differences in taste perception among eating disorder groups. For example, psychophysical studies revealed individuals with bulimia nervosa had greater preferences for sweet substances compared to controls. Additionally, results illuminated inconsistencies in methodologies in studies examining taste and eating behaviors (Chao, Roy, Franks, Joseph, 2019). Co-Occurring Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Associated with Taste Changes in Oncology Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. Led by Drs. Alissa Nolden and Paule Joseph and collaborators at UCSF. This study examines the frequency, severity, and distress of patient-reported changes in the way food tastes (CFT) and correlates them with phenotypic and GI symptoms in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Results found that a high percentage of patients, who reported CTF, had frequent occurrence of GI symptoms. Analysis showed that most of the GI symptoms, including constipation, diarrhea, cramps, and bloating, had increased odds of developing in patients with CFT. Conclusions express the importance of including the assessment of CFT in the cancer patient care process. It suggests that future studies should include study this correlation over the entire course of chemotherapy treatment and recommends that molecular mechanisms should be examined to ultimately understand how CFT and GI symptoms can influence dietary behaviors and nutritional status (Nolden, Joseph...et al., 2019). 3. Obesity and Nutrition Adolescent Obesity in the Past Decade. Led by Dr. Eleanor Campbell and Alexis Franks. This review to examine literature regarding the determinants of food choice and genetic markers influencing adolescent obesity over the past decade. The results highlighted the research gap within this specific cohort, including merging adolescent participants with younger children. Also, the results demonstrated the importance of several factors, such as genetics/genomics and socioeconomic status on adolescent obesity. In addition, future studies that focus on adolescent obesity are warranted as well as the implication of precision health in obesity treatment and interventions (Campbell, Franks and Joseph, 2018). Comprehensive and Systematic Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns Associated with Body Mass Index. Led by Dr. Paule Joseph. This study investigates clinical and microarray genetic data from 90 healthy individuals to understand patterns of interaction between different genes that can ultimately affect obesity. Weight gene co-analysis and several computational methods revealed seven individual genes, two gene modules (associated with catabolic and muscular system processes), and several higher-order gene expression interactions that were correlated to BMI. The implications from this study suggest that these higher order genetic interactions should be further explored to understand BMI-related mechanisms (Joseph et al., 2019).

在Paule Joseph博士的领导下，感官科学与代谢（SenSMet）实验室于2017年10月（2018财年）成立。Joseph博士于本财年（2019财年）开始在NIAAA进行第二次任命。SenSMet实验室进行翻译和临床住院和门诊研究。积极的合作，以调查在营养，口味和肥胖共同感兴趣的领域已经进行。具体而言，与加里吉本斯博士（NIHGRI）和凯文霍尔博士（NIDDK）合作实施了两项双盲临床方案，其中感官表型测定。此外，新的合作开发，以调查肥胖的神经机制，以及在AUD/OUD参与者的多感官研究。 1.微生物组和代谢物 设计微生物组研究：对护理的启示。由凯瑟琳·梅吉领导。护士科学家在研究有助于人类健康和疾病的复杂关系时非常重要，包括微生物组和遗传学。本综述的目的是强调实施或设计微生物组研究的重要方法学因素，其唯一目的是用作护理科学家的指南。该综述强调了影响人类微生物组的因素沿着样品处理和宏基因组测序的方法（Maki et al，2019）。 益生菌消费后健康儿童的代谢产物谱。由Alexis Franks领导。本研究检测了健康儿童食用益生菌后代谢组学的变化。结果待定。 2.感官系统：味觉 饮食失调者的味觉差异在与Ariana Chao博士的合作中，我们的团队研究了饮食失调患者的味觉变化。本系统性综述检查了评估味觉差异的研究，通过精神病学和神经成像技术测量，在患有饮食障碍（神经性厌食症，神经性贪食症和暴食症）的个体中进行。结果显示，饮食失调组之间的味觉存在差异。例如，心理物理学研究显示，与对照组相比，神经性贪食症患者对甜味物质的偏好更大。此外，结果还表明，检查味觉和饮食行为的研究方法存在不一致之处（Chao、Roy、Franks、Joseph，2019年）。 接受化疗的肿瘤患者的胃肠道症状与味觉变化相关。由Alissa Nolden和Paule Joseph博士以及UCSF的合作者领导。本研究检查了接受化疗的癌症患者中患者报告的食物味道（CFT）变化的频率，严重程度和痛苦，并将其与表型和GI症状相关联。结果发现，报告CTF的患者中有很高比例的患者经常出现GI症状。分析显示，大多数胃肠道症状，包括便秘，腹泻，痉挛和腹胀，在CFT患者中发展的几率增加。结论表达了在癌症患者护理过程中包括CFT评估的重要性。这表明，未来的研究应包括在整个化疗过程中研究这种相关性，并建议应检查分子机制，以最终了解CFT和GI症状如何影响饮食行为和营养状况（Nolden，Joseph...例如，2019年）。 3.肥胖与营养 青少年肥胖症在过去的十年里。由埃莉诺坎贝尔博士和亚历克西斯弗兰克斯领导。本文回顾了近十年来有关影响青少年肥胖的食物选择决定因素和遗传标记的文献。结果突出了这一特定队列中的研究差距，包括将青少年参与者与年幼的儿童合并。此外，研究结果表明了几个因素的重要性，如遗传学/基因组学和社会经济地位对青少年肥胖的影响。此外，未来的研究重点是青少年肥胖以及精确健康在肥胖治疗和干预中的意义（坎贝尔，弗兰克斯和约瑟夫，2018）。 体重指数相关基因表达模式的综合系统分析。由保罗·约瑟夫博士领导。这项研究调查了90名健康个体的临床和微阵列遗传数据，以了解最终影响肥胖的不同基因之间的相互作用模式。体重基因共分析和几种计算方法揭示了7个单独的基因，两个基因模块（与分解代谢和肌肉系统过程相关），以及几个与BMI相关的高阶基因表达相互作用。这项研究的意义表明，这些更高阶的遗传相互作用应进一步探索，以了解BMI相关的机制（约瑟夫等人，2019年）。