The impact of menthol and mint e-liquid bans on menthol cigarette smokers

薄荷醇和薄荷电子烟油禁令对薄荷醇卷烟吸烟者的影响

• 批准号: 10046746
• 负责人: Rachel Denlinger-Apte
• 金额: $ 15.5万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-07 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10046746
• 关键词: Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Benefits and Risks; Candy; Categories; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Decision Making; Devices; Economics; Electronic cigarette; Enrollment; Ensure; Epidemic; Equilibrium; Flavoring; Fruit; Genus Mentha; Harm Reduction; Individual; JUUL; Laboratory Study; Malignant Neoplasms; Menthol; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pilot Projects; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Sales; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Students; Testing; Tobacco; United States Food and Drug Administration; Visit; behavioral economics; cigarette smoking; cost; electronic cigarette use; electronic liquid; health disparity; nicotine replacement; nicotine use; policy implication; prevent; public policy on tobacco; racial minority; smoking cessation; tobacco products; tobacco user; twelfth grade; vaping

PROJECT SUMMARY Cigarette smoking contributes to nearly 30% of all cancer-related deaths.3 Menthol cigarettes comprise almost one-third of the U.S. market share and are disproportionately smoked by racial minorities.1 Tobacco control policies targeting menthol flavoring in tobacco could have significant public health outcomes, especially among black smokers. One key challenge of tobacco regulation is weighing the risks and benefits of potential policies across different populations (i.e., users and non-users).4 Tension arises between policies intended to prevent adolescent and young adult (AYA) tobacco initiation and those intended to reduce harm among current tobacco users. Specifically, menthol flavored e-liquid restrictions aimed at reducing AYA vaping may unintentionally discourage menthol cigarette smokers from switching to potentially less harmful products. E-cigarette use or vaping has increased dramatically among AYA and vaping devices with nicotine pods (e.g., JUUL) account for a large proportion of AYA use.5,6 These devices are available in many e-liquid flavors including menthol and mint, with mint being a popular flavor among AYA.2,7 The Food and Drug Administration and many states have announced intentions to limit all flavored e-liquids, including menthol and mint, in an effort to reduce AYA vaping. Alternatively, vaping devices, like JUUL, may be ideal substitution products for adult smokers who are unable to quit using nicotine. From a harm reduction perspective, moving smokers away from combusted tobacco (cigarettes) to non-combusted products (e-cigarettes) will likely result in a net positive public health impact.8 The availability of menthol e-liquids may be important for encouraging menthol cigarette smokers to switch to e- cigarettes, but mint e-liquids, which are appealing to AYA, may be unnecessary to facilitate switching. Including mint e-liquids in flavor bans but allowing menthol e-liquids to remain on the market as potential substitution products for menthol smokers may be an optimal policy approach. Behavioral economics is an ideal framework for answering this question because it applies economic constructs, such as product substitution, to individual decision-making. We are proposing a lab study and field assessment to determine how including menthol and mint e-liquids in e-liquid flavor bans or sales restrictions affects tobacco product purchasing and use among menthol cigarette smokers (N=80; 40 black, 40 white). At lab sessions, participants will complete the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) task, a behavioral economics task in which they receive account balances to an online store and can buy menthol cigarettes at escalating costs or buy e-liquids, non-menthol cigarettes, or nicotine replacement gum at fixed costs. They will complete the task under three marketplace conditions: (1) only tobacco e-liquids available, (2) menthol and tobacco e-liquids available, and (3) menthol, mint, and tobacco e-liquids available. During a field assessment, product choice is validated by assessing use of products purchased during the ETM task. This proposal will inform policy-makers about the impact banning menthol and mint e-liquids will have on facilitating menthol cigarette smokers switching to e-cigarettes.

项目摘要 吸烟造成了所有与癌症相关的死亡的近30％。3Menthol香烟几乎包括 占美国市场份额的三分之一，种族少数群体的吸烟不成比例。1烟草控制 针对烟草中薄荷醇调味的政策可能会带来重大的公共卫生结果，尤其是在 黑人吸烟者。烟草监管的一个主要挑战是权衡潜在政策的风险和好处 在不同人群（即用户和非用户）中。4旨在防止的政策之间出现紧张 青少年和年轻人（AYA）烟草的启动以及旨在减少当前烟草伤害的烟草 用户。具体而言，旨在减少AYA烟的薄荷醇调味的电子液体限制可能无意间 阻止薄荷醇烟吸烟者转向潜在的有害产品。电子烟的使用或 在AYA和带有尼古丁豆荚（例如Juul）的AYA和VAPING设备中，Vaping急剧增加 5,6这些设备在许多电子液体口味中都可以使用，包括Menthol和Mint， 造币厂在AYA中是一种流行的风味。2,7食品和药物管理局和许多州有 宣布打算限制所有调味的电子液体，包括Menthol和Mint，以减少AYA蒸发。 或者，烟雾设备（例如Juul）可能是无法 使用尼古丁退出。从减少危害的角度，将吸烟者远离燃烧的烟草 （香烟）到非燃烧产品（电子烟）可能会造成净阳性公共卫生影响。8 薄荷醇电子液体的可用性对于鼓励薄荷醇烟吸烟者改用E-可能很重要 香烟，但吸引AYA的薄荷电子液体可能不需要促进切换。包括 风味禁令中的薄荷电子液体，但允许薄荷醇的电子液体留在市场上作为潜在的替代 吸烟者的产品可能是一种最佳政策方法。行为经济学是理想的框架 回答这个问题，因为它将诸如产品替代之类的经济结构应用于个人 决策。我们正在提出一项实验室研究和现场评估，以确定如何包括薄荷醇和 电子液体风味禁令或销售限制中的薄荷电子液体会影响购买和使用的烟草产品 薄荷香烟吸烟者（n = 80; 40黑色，40白色）。在实验室会议上，参与者将完成 实验性烟草市场（ETM）任务，这是他们收到帐户的行为经济学任务 平衡在线商店，可以以不断升级的成本购买薄荷香烟或购买电子液体 香烟或尼古丁替代口香糖以固定成本。他们将在三个市场下完成任务 条件：（1）仅可用烟草电子液体，（2）可用的薄荷醇和烟草电子液体，以及（3）薄荷醇， 薄荷和烟草电子液体可用。在现场评估期间，通过评估使用来验证产品选择 在ETM任务期间购买的产品。该提案将告知决策者禁令的影响 薄荷醇和薄荷电子液体将促进薄荷醇烟吸烟者改用电子烟。

项目成果

Effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on smoking across vulnerable populations.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107099
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Tidey, Jennifer W.;Snell, L. Morgan;Colby, Suzanne M.;Cassidy, Rachel N.;Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.
• 通讯作者: Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.

Adoption of E-Cigarettes Among Older Adults Who Smoke to Reduce Harm and Narrow Age-Related Disparities: An Application of the Health Belief Model.

在吸烟的老年人中采用电子烟以减少伤害并缩小与年龄相关的差异：健康信念模型的应用。

• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad016
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
• 作者: Rubenstein,Dana;Denlinger-Apte,RachelL;CornacchioneRoss,Jennifer;McClernon,FJoseph
• 通讯作者: McClernon,FJoseph

Risk Perceptions of Low Nicotine Cigarettes and Alternative Nicotine Products across Priority Smoking Populations.

• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105311
• 发表时间: 2021-05-17
• 期刊: International journal of environmental research and public health
• 作者: Denlinger-Apte RL;Pacek LR;Ross JC;Bansal-Travers M;Donny EC;Hatsukami DK;Carroll DM
• 通讯作者: Carroll DM

Menthol preference moderates the relationship between cigarette nicotine content choice and reactions in young adults who smoke infrequently.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109580
• 发表时间: 2022-09-01
• 期刊: DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Rubenstein, Dana;Sweitzer, Maggie M.;Scroggs, Lauren B.;Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.;Kozink, Rachel;McClernon, F. Joseph
• 通讯作者: McClernon, F. Joseph