The impact of menthol and mint e-liquid bans on menthol cigarette smokers

薄荷醇和薄荷电子烟油禁令对薄荷醇卷烟吸烟者的影响

• 批准号: 10046746
• 负责人: Rachel Denlinger-Apte
• 金额: $ 15.5万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-07 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10046746
• 关键词: Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Benefits and Risks; Candy; Categories; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Decision Making; Devices; Economics; Electronic cigarette; Enrollment; Ensure; Epidemic; Equilibrium; Flavoring; Fruit; Genus Mentha; Harm Reduction; Individual; JUUL; Laboratory Study; Malignant Neoplasms; Menthol; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pilot Projects; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Sales; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Students; Testing; Tobacco; United States Food and Drug Administration; Visit; behavioral economics; cigarette smoking; cost; electronic cigarette use; electronic liquid; health disparity; nicotine replacement; nicotine use; policy implication; prevent; public policy on tobacco; racial minority; smoking cessation; tobacco products; tobacco user; twelfth grade; vaping

PROJECT SUMMARY Cigarette smoking contributes to nearly 30% of all cancer-related deaths.3 Menthol cigarettes comprise almost one-third of the U.S. market share and are disproportionately smoked by racial minorities.1 Tobacco control policies targeting menthol flavoring in tobacco could have significant public health outcomes, especially among black smokers. One key challenge of tobacco regulation is weighing the risks and benefits of potential policies across different populations (i.e., users and non-users).4 Tension arises between policies intended to prevent adolescent and young adult (AYA) tobacco initiation and those intended to reduce harm among current tobacco users. Specifically, menthol flavored e-liquid restrictions aimed at reducing AYA vaping may unintentionally discourage menthol cigarette smokers from switching to potentially less harmful products. E-cigarette use or vaping has increased dramatically among AYA and vaping devices with nicotine pods (e.g., JUUL) account for a large proportion of AYA use.5,6 These devices are available in many e-liquid flavors including menthol and mint, with mint being a popular flavor among AYA.2,7 The Food and Drug Administration and many states have announced intentions to limit all flavored e-liquids, including menthol and mint, in an effort to reduce AYA vaping. Alternatively, vaping devices, like JUUL, may be ideal substitution products for adult smokers who are unable to quit using nicotine. From a harm reduction perspective, moving smokers away from combusted tobacco (cigarettes) to non-combusted products (e-cigarettes) will likely result in a net positive public health impact.8 The availability of menthol e-liquids may be important for encouraging menthol cigarette smokers to switch to e- cigarettes, but mint e-liquids, which are appealing to AYA, may be unnecessary to facilitate switching. Including mint e-liquids in flavor bans but allowing menthol e-liquids to remain on the market as potential substitution products for menthol smokers may be an optimal policy approach. Behavioral economics is an ideal framework for answering this question because it applies economic constructs, such as product substitution, to individual decision-making. We are proposing a lab study and field assessment to determine how including menthol and mint e-liquids in e-liquid flavor bans or sales restrictions affects tobacco product purchasing and use among menthol cigarette smokers (N=80; 40 black, 40 white). At lab sessions, participants will complete the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) task, a behavioral economics task in which they receive account balances to an online store and can buy menthol cigarettes at escalating costs or buy e-liquids, non-menthol cigarettes, or nicotine replacement gum at fixed costs. They will complete the task under three marketplace conditions: (1) only tobacco e-liquids available, (2) menthol and tobacco e-liquids available, and (3) menthol, mint, and tobacco e-liquids available. During a field assessment, product choice is validated by assessing use of products purchased during the ETM task. This proposal will inform policy-makers about the impact banning menthol and mint e-liquids will have on facilitating menthol cigarette smokers switching to e-cigarettes.

项目总结 吸烟占所有癌症相关死亡的近30%。薄荷醇香烟几乎包括 占美国市场份额的三分之一，而且吸烟者不成比例地被少数族裔吸食。 针对烟草中薄荷醇调味剂的政策可能会产生重大的公共健康后果，特别是在 黑人烟民。烟草监管的一个关键挑战是权衡潜在政策的风险和好处。 跨越不同人群(即用户和非用户)。4旨在防止 青少年和青壮年(Aya)烟草启蒙和那些打算减少当前烟草危害的烟草 用户。具体地说，旨在减少阿雅蒸发的薄荷醇味电子液体限制可能无意中 不鼓励吸薄荷醇香烟的人改用可能危害较小的产品。电子烟的使用或 在Aya和带有尼古丁豆荚的蒸发设备(例如Juul)中，蒸发显著增加 这些设备有许多电子液体口味，包括薄荷醇和薄荷， 由于薄荷是一种在AYA2中很受欢迎的口味，7美国食品和药物管理局和许多州 宣布打算限制所有口味的电子液体，包括薄荷醇和薄荷，以努力减少阿亚蒸发。 或者，像Juul这样的蒸发设备可能是成年吸烟者无法 停止使用尼古丁。从减少危害的角度来看，让吸烟者远离燃烧的烟草 从(香烟)到非燃烧产品(电子烟)可能会产生净积极的公共卫生影响。 薄荷醇电子烟液体的供应对于鼓励吸食薄荷醇香烟的人改用电子烟可能很重要。 香烟，但薄荷电子液体，这是吸引阿亚，可能是不必要的，以方便切换。包括 薄荷电子液体禁止调味，但允许薄荷电子液体作为潜在替代品留在市场上 为薄荷醇吸烟者提供产品可能是一种最佳的政策方法。行为经济学是一个理想的框架 回答这个问题，因为它将经济结构，如产品替代，应用于个人 决策。我们提议进行一项实验室研究和实地评估，以确定包括薄荷醇和 薄荷电子液体在电子液体风味禁令或销售限制影响烟草产品的购买和使用 薄荷醇吸烟者(N=80人；黑人40人，白人40人)。在实验环节中，参与者将完成 实验烟草市场(ETM)任务，一种行为经济学任务，他们在其中获得帐户 余额到网上商店，可以以不断上涨的价格购买薄荷醇香烟或购买电子液体，非薄荷醇 香烟，或固定价格的尼古丁替代口香糖。他们将在三个市场下完成这项任务 条件：(1)只有烟草电子液体可用，(2)薄荷醇和烟草电子液体可用，以及(3)薄荷醇， 提供薄荷和烟草电子液体。在现场评估期间，通过评估使用情况来验证产品选择 在ETM任务期间购买的产品的百分比。这项提案将向政策制定者通报禁令的影响 薄荷醇和薄荷电子烟将有助于薄荷醇香烟吸烟者改用电子烟。

项目成果

Effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on smoking across vulnerable populations.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107099
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Tidey, Jennifer W.;Snell, L. Morgan;Colby, Suzanne M.;Cassidy, Rachel N.;Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.
• 通讯作者: Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.

Adoption of E-Cigarettes Among Older Adults Who Smoke to Reduce Harm and Narrow Age-Related Disparities: An Application of the Health Belief Model.

在吸烟的老年人中采用电子烟以减少伤害并缩小与年龄相关的差异：健康信念模型的应用。

• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad016
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
• 作者: Rubenstein,Dana;Denlinger-Apte,RachelL;CornacchioneRoss,Jennifer;McClernon,FJoseph
• 通讯作者: McClernon,FJoseph

Menthol preference moderates the relationship between cigarette nicotine content choice and reactions in young adults who smoke infrequently.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109580
• 发表时间: 2022-09-01
• 期刊: DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Rubenstein, Dana;Sweitzer, Maggie M.;Scroggs, Lauren B.;Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.;Kozink, Rachel;McClernon, F. Joseph
• 通讯作者: McClernon, F. Joseph

Risk Perceptions of Low Nicotine Cigarettes and Alternative Nicotine Products across Priority Smoking Populations.

• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105311
• 发表时间: 2021-05-17
• 期刊: International journal of environmental research and public health
• 作者: Denlinger-Apte RL;Pacek LR;Ross JC;Bansal-Travers M;Donny EC;Hatsukami DK;Carroll DM
• 通讯作者: Carroll DM