Effort-Based Decision Making and Motivated Behavior in Everyday Life

这是一个R 01的竞争性更新，支持一个研究项目， 神经机制的障碍，在动机和目标导向行为的精神病，这将扩大我们的 以transdiagnosis的方式工作。动机障碍是精神病和情绪病理的一个关键特征， 研究领域标准（RDoC）正价体系（Positive Valence System）动机下降 影响工作和社会功能，降低生活质量，增加公共卫生需求。 目前的治疗方法在减少日常生活中的动机障碍方面还不够有效，部分原因是 因为需要更好地了解引起这些症状的机制。我们之前的研究 提供了强有力的证据表明，异常的努力成本决策（ECDM;努力价值/意愿， 在RDoC正价系统中工作）可能是精神病患者和精神病患者动机缺陷的关键因素。 和情绪病理学ECDM是指个人进行的计算，以估计物理量， 或认知“工作”所需的获得奖励。精神分裂症、情感障碍、双相情感障碍患者 与健康个体相比，抑郁和抑郁的个体在努力获得实验奖励方面的动机较低。 这些缺陷与日常生活中的失动和功能症状有关。我们带来了 一个具有互补专业知识的团队，进行一项创新的跨诊断研究， 导致ECDM受损的心理和神经机制的异同 精神病理学的不同形式。我们将整合最先进的功能性神经影像学方法 在人类连接组项目中开发的，来自人类连接组项目的新颖行为和成像范例， 情感科学文献（Treadway & Westbrook咨询公司），以及创新的移动的技术来评估 日常生活中的动机行为（Co-Is Ben-Zeev，坎贝尔和莫兰）。这项研究将解决NIMH 战略目标#1（定义复杂行为的机制）并为未来的新目标提供信息 干预措施。目标1将检验认知和/或身体ECDM损伤贯穿 精神病和情绪障碍的范围，并相互关联。目标2将检验假设， 精神病中的ECDM可能与认知控制的RDoC结构的损伤更相关， 而与抑郁相关的ECDM改变可能与RDoC的奖励结构更相关 反应能力和学习能力。目的3将检验这一假设，即精神病患者的ECDM改变可能更多地 与背侧前扣带回和背外侧前额叶皮层活动受损有关， 连接，而抑郁症中ECDM的改变可能与纹状体，前额叶， 和腹侧-医学前额叶活动和连接。目标4将检验ECDM预测的假设 在精神病和情绪障碍的范围内的日常生活中的动机和功能，使用 生态瞬时评估、移动的传感（地理定位和活动记录）和线人报告。

This is a competitive renewal of an R01 supporting a program of research delineating the psychological and neural mechanisms of impairments in motivation and goal-oriented behavior in psychosis, which will extend our work transdiagnostically. Motivational impairments are a key feature of both psychotic and mood pathology, and are included in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Positive Valence System. Decreases in motivation impair work and social function transdiagnostically, reduce quality of life, and increase public health demands. Current treatments are not sufficiently effective at reducing impairments in motivation in every day life, in part due to the need to better understand the mechanisms that give rise to these symptoms. Our prior research provides strong evidence that abnormal effort-cost decision-making (ECDM; Effort valuation/Willingness to work in the RDoC Positive Valence System) may be a key contributor to motivational deficits in both psychotic and mood pathology. ECDM refers to calculations that individuals perform to estimate the amount of physical or cognitive “work” required to obtain a reward. Individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar disorder and depression are less motivated than healthy individuals to exert effort to obtain rewards on experimental tasks, and these deficits are related to symptoms of amotivation and function in every day life. Here we bring together a team with complimentary expertise for an innovative transdiagnostic study that would determine the similarities and differences in the psychological and neural mechanisms that contribute to impaired ECDM across forms of psychopathology. We will integrate state-of-the art functional neuroimaging methods developed in the Human Connectome Project, novel behavioral and imaging paradigms derived from the affective science literature (Consultants Treadway & Westbrook), and innovative mobile technologies to assess motivated behavior in everyday life (Co-Is Ben-Zeev, Campbell, & Moran). This study will address NIMH Strategic Objective #1 (Define the Mechanisms of Complex Behaviors) and inform novel targets for future interventions. Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that impairments in cognitive and/or physical ECDM cut across the spectrum of psychotic and mood disorders, and relate to each other. Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that altered ECDM in psychosis may be more associated with impairments in the RDoC construct of cognitive control, while altered ECDM related to depression may be more related to the RDoC constructs of reward responsiveness and learning. Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that altered ECDM in psychosis may be more associated with impairments in dorsal anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity and connectivity, while altered ECDM in depression may be more related to impairments striatal, anterior insula, and ventral-medical prefrontal activity and connectivity. Aim 4 will test the hypothesis that ECDM predicts amotivation and function in every day life across the spectrum of psychotic and mood disorders, using ecological momentary assessment, mobile sensing (geo-location and actigraphy) and informant report.