DOPAMINE GENOTYPES, EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED CRAVING & CESSATION IN FEMALE SMOKERS

多巴胺基因型，实验诱发的渴望

• 批准号: 7718190
• 负责人: Joel Erblich
• 金额: $ 0.46万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7718190
• 关键词: Abstinence; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic; Cigarette; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Condition; Country of Turkey; Cues; Dopamine; Eye; Failure; Female; Funding; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genotype; Grant; Institution; Investigation; Laboratories; Literature; Malignant Neoplasms; Morbidity - disease rate; Population; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Rate; Reaction; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Source; Stress; Time; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Woman; craving; day; dopamine system; experience; follow-up; interest; men; mortality; multidisciplinary; nicotine replacement; novel strategies; psychobiologic; smoking cessation; stress management; success

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Smoking is the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Indeed, smoking has been implicated in at least 30% of all cancer deaths in the U.S. and an estimated three million deaths per year worldwide. In spite of the clear negative consequences of smoking, a significant subset of the population continues to smoke. Moreover, although most smokers express a strong interest in quitting, few are successful at maintaining abstinence, a problem that is even more pronounced among women. Persistent smoking behavior (i.e., failure or difficulty in remaining abstinent) thus continues to be a major public health problem. Understanding the genetic and psychobiological determinants of smoking cessation success is a critical first step in developing novel approaches to promote cessation, so necessary to reduce the alarming rates of cancer and other smoking-related chronic diseases.The objective of this study is to characterize and better understand the effects of genetic polymorphisms in the dopamine system on stress- & smoking cue- induced cigarette cravings and smoking cessation among women who smoke. Grounded in a diverse literature, this multidisciplinary prospective study of women interested in making an untreated, 'cold turkey' smoking cessation attempt will provide a naturalistic look at potential effects of dopamine-related genotypes and stress- & cue-induced cravings elicited under laboratory conditions, on abstinence. To that end, 250 women will be genotyped for dopamine-related polymorphisms, participate in laboratory stress and cue-exposure tasks the day before their target quit date, and will be assessed for abstinence at 8 time points during a 6-month follow-up interval. By closely examining relations between experimentally-induced craving reactions and cessation, the study will attempt to better characterize mechanisms underlying the effects of dopamine genotypes. This first study will lay the groundwork for larger-scale investigations aimed at determining the beneficial effects of tailored treatments (e.g., cue-exposure, stress management, nicotine replacement) in the context of genetic (e.g., dopamine polymorphisms) and psychobiological (e.g., cue- and stress-induced craving reactions) characteristics in samples of both men and women, with an eye toward yielding a better understanding of the unique challenges experienced by women trying to quit smoking. Hypothesis: Smokers carrying the risk polymorphisms will display higher levels of experimentally induced craving and, in turn, poorer cessation success than non-carriers.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 吸烟是美国发病率和死亡率最可预防的单一原因。 事实上，吸烟与美国至少30%的癌症死亡有关，全球每年估计有300万人死亡。 尽管吸烟有明显的负面影响，但仍有相当一部分人继续吸烟。 此外，尽管大多数吸烟者对戒烟表现出强烈的兴趣，但很少有人能成功地保持戒烟，这一问题在女性中更为突出。 持续吸烟行为（即，因此，未能或难以保持禁欲）仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。 了解戒烟成功的遗传和心理生物学决定因素是开发新方法促进戒烟的关键第一步，这项研究的目的是描述和更好地理解多巴胺系统基因多态性对压力和吸烟提示的影响，在吸烟的女性中诱发吸烟欲望和戒烟。 基于不同的文献，这个多学科的前瞻性研究的妇女有兴趣使未经治疗的，“冷火鸡”戒烟尝试将提供一个自然的外观多巴胺相关的基因型和压力和线索诱导的渴望在实验室条件下引起的潜在影响，对禁欲。 为此，将对250名女性进行多巴胺相关多态性的基因分型，在目标戒烟日期的前一天参与实验室压力和线索暴露任务，并在6个月的随访间隔期间的8个时间点评估禁欲情况。 通过仔细研究实验诱导的渴望反应和停止之间的关系，该研究将试图更好地表征多巴胺基因型影响的潜在机制。 这第一项研究将为更大规模的研究奠定基础，旨在确定定制治疗的有益效果（例如，线索暴露，压力管理，尼古丁替代）在遗传背景下（例如，多巴胺多态性）和心理生物学（例如，提示和压力引起的渴望反应）的特点，在男性和女性的样本，着眼于产生一个更好的理解的独特挑战所经历的妇女试图戒烟。 假设： 携带风险多态性的吸烟者将表现出更高水平的实验诱导的渴望，反过来，戒烟成功率比非携带者差。