Microtemporal Family Processes Underlying Preschoolers' Screen Time and Behavioral Health

过度使用屏幕设备表面上是通过肥胖健康行为(即睡眠不良和久坐不动的行为)和社会/情感风险因素(即行为问题)与身体健康(即肥胖和心血管风险)和精神健康结果(即抑郁和药物滥用)联系在一起的。移动技术的进步增加了儿童(6岁以下)使用屏幕的可能性，儿童早期养成的使用屏幕的习惯可以持续到学龄和成年。对屏幕使用时间的研究一直受到方法学限制的阻碍，包括依赖回溯性的自我报告测量(这可能会受到回忆和可取性偏差的影响)。此外，对在特定情况下影响屏幕时间的一天内时变环境(即儿童行为、育儿压力)的有限研究，对屏幕时间和行为健康结果之间的联系的潜在机制的描述并不精致。利用移动设备已经收集的数据可能会提供更客观、更细微的屏幕时间衡量标准。整合从多个来源(即被动移动屏幕时间感知、生态瞬时评估(EMA)和加速度法)收集的密集纵向数据，可以揭示屏幕时间与身体健康行为(例如睡眠和活动)和心理健康(即行为问题)之间的关联的面向过程的科学。本研究旨在测试被动收集客观移动屏幕时间数据的可行性/可接受性和实用性，并结合加速计和EMA在低收入的照顾者及其3-5岁的孩子超过30天的情况下进行。照顾者将完成EMA以评估屏幕时间背景，包括儿童行为问题(即遵从性、发脾气)和父母压力。被动屏幕时间感知的有效性将通过加速度计使用同时的父母EMA关于屏幕时间和久坐行为的报告来评估。可行性和可接受性将分别通过检查遵守被动传感方案的预测因素和定性访谈进行评估。结果将为随后的强大试验的测量和干预策略提供信息，以确定个性化的行为干预目标，以预防肥胖和减少健康差距。这个项目与科布雷幸福主题研究中心很好地结合在一起，双重解决儿童的健康和社会情感行为。

Excessive screen-device use is linked with both physical health (i.e. obesity and cardiovascular risk) and mental health outcomes (i.e. depression and substance abuse) ostensibly through obesogenic health behaviors (i.e. poor sleep and sedentary behavior) and social/emotional risk factors (i.e. behavior problems). Advances in mobile technology have increased the availability of screens for young children (under 6), and screen time habits established in early childhood can persist through school age and into adulthood. Research on screen time use has been hindered by methodological limitations, including a reliance on retrospective self-reported measures (which are subject to recall and desirability biases). Additionally, the limited research on within-day time-varying contexts (i.e. child behavior, parenting stress) that influence screen time in specific situations, produces an unrefined picture of the mechanisms underlying the link between screen time and behavioral health outcomes. Utilizing data already collected by mobile devices is likely to provide a more objective and nuanced measure of screen time. Integrating intensive longitudinal data collected from multiple sources (i.e. passive mobile screen time sensing, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and accelerometry) can reveal the process-oriented science that underlies the association between screen time and physical health behaviors (i.e. sleep & activity) and mental health (i.e. behavior problems). This study aims to test the feasibility/acceptability and utility of passively collecting objective mobile screen time data in conjunction with accelerometry and EMA among low income dyads of caregivers and their 3-5-year-old child over 30-days. Caregivers will complete EMA to assess screen time context including child behavior problems (i.e. compliance, tantrums) and parent stress. Validity of passive screen time sensing will be assessed using concurrent parent EMA report of screen time and sedentary behavior via accelerometry. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed by examining predictors of compliance with passive sensing protocols and qualitative interviews respectively. Results will inform measurement and intervention strategies of a subsequent well powered trial to identify personalized targets for behavior interventions to prevent obesity and reduce health disparities. This project integrates well with the COBRE Research Center for Well-Being theme to dually address health and social-emotional behaviors in children.