Microtemporal Family Processes Underlying Preschoolers' Screen Time and Behavioral Health

过度使用屏幕设备与身体健康（即肥胖和心血管风险）和心理健康结果（即抑郁和药物滥用）有关，表面上是通过肥胖健康行为（即睡眠不良和久坐行为）和社会/情感风险因素（即行为问题）。移动的技术的进步增加了幼儿（6岁以下）使用屏幕的机会，幼儿时期养成的屏幕时间习惯可以持续到学龄和成年。关于屏幕时间使用的研究受到方法学限制的阻碍，包括依赖回顾性自我报告的措施（受回忆和愿望偏差的影响）。此外，对特定情况下影响屏幕时间的日内时变背景（即儿童行为，育儿压力）的有限研究，产生了屏幕时间和行为健康结果之间联系的机制的未完善的图片。利用移动的设备已经收集的数据可能会提供一个更客观和细致入微的衡量屏幕时间的方法。整合从多个来源（即被动移动的屏幕时间感测，生态瞬时评估（EMA）和加速度计）收集的密集纵向数据可以揭示屏幕时间与身体健康行为（即睡眠和活动）和心理健康（即行为问题）之间关联的过程导向科学。本研究的目的是测试的可行性/可接受性和实用性的被动收集客观的移动的屏幕时间数据，结合加速度计和EMA低收入的照顾者和他们的3-5岁的孩子超过30天。护理人员将填写EMA，以评估屏幕时间背景，包括儿童行为问题（即依从性、发脾气）和父母压力。将通过加速度计使用屏幕时间和久坐行为的同时父母EMA报告评估被动屏幕时间感知的有效性。可行性和可接受性将分别通过检查被动感知协议和定性访谈的依从性预测因素进行评估。结果将为后续的有力试验提供测量和干预策略，以确定行为干预的个性化目标，以预防肥胖和减少健康差异。该项目与COBRE幸福研究中心的主题很好地结合在一起，以双重解决儿童的健康和社会情感行为。

Excessive screen-device use is linked with both physical health (i.e. obesity and cardiovascular risk) and mental health outcomes (i.e. depression and substance abuse) ostensibly through obesogenic health behaviors (i.e. poor sleep and sedentary behavior) and social/emotional risk factors (i.e. behavior problems). Advances in mobile technology have increased the availability of screens for young children (under 6), and screen time habits established in early childhood can persist through school age and into adulthood. Research on screen time use has been hindered by methodological limitations, including a reliance on retrospective self-reported measures (which are subject to recall and desirability biases). Additionally, the limited research on within-day time-varying contexts (i.e. child behavior, parenting stress) that influence screen time in specific situations, produces an unrefined picture of the mechanisms underlying the link between screen time and behavioral health outcomes. Utilizing data already collected by mobile devices is likely to provide a more objective and nuanced measure of screen time. Integrating intensive longitudinal data collected from multiple sources (i.e. passive mobile screen time sensing, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and accelerometry) can reveal the process-oriented science that underlies the association between screen time and physical health behaviors (i.e. sleep & activity) and mental health (i.e. behavior problems). This study aims to test the feasibility/acceptability and utility of passively collecting objective mobile screen time data in conjunction with accelerometry and EMA among low income dyads of caregivers and their 3-5-year-old child over 30-days. Caregivers will complete EMA to assess screen time context including child behavior problems (i.e. compliance, tantrums) and parent stress. Validity of passive screen time sensing will be assessed using concurrent parent EMA report of screen time and sedentary behavior via accelerometry. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed by examining predictors of compliance with passive sensing protocols and qualitative interviews respectively. Results will inform measurement and intervention strategies of a subsequent well powered trial to identify personalized targets for behavior interventions to prevent obesity and reduce health disparities. This project integrates well with the COBRE Research Center for Well-Being theme to dually address health and social-emotional behaviors in children.