Expanding population-level interventions to help more low-income smokers quit

扩大人口干预措施，帮助更多低收入吸烟者戒烟

• 批准号: 10255082
• 负责人: MATTHEW W. KREUTER
• 金额: $ 51.86万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-23 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10255082
• 关键词: Address; Affect; American; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; COVID-19; COVID-19 test; COVID-19 testing; COVID-19 vaccination; Code; Communication; Communication Research; Communities; Data; Digit structure; Emergency Situation; Environment; Exposure to; Food; Fright; Government; Household; Income; Infrastructure; Institution; Intention; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Link; Low income; Medical; Methods; Minority; Minority Groups; Misinformation; Names; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Parents; Population; Prevention; Public Health; Randomized; Reaction; Research; Resources; Safety; Science; Services; Smoker; State Government; Surveys; Symptoms; System; Telephone; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Underserved Population; Vaccination; Voice; Vulnerable Populations; community partnership; coronavirus disease; cultural values; disparity elimination; disparity reduction; distrust; ethnic minority population; evidence base; experimental study; health communication; help-seeking behavior; high school; improved; innovation; insight; interest; outreach; pandemic disease; programs; quitline; racial minority; rapid testing; response; screening; social; social norm; tool; transmission process

ABSTRACT Many low-income Americans, racial and ethnic minorities, and other marginalized groups live in information- poor environments, disproportionately exposed to misinformation about COVID-19, and distrusting medical, government and scientific institutions and leaders. These and other social, cultural and behavioral factors pose significant obstacles to public health efforts to increase population testing and vaccination in a pandemic. Effective health communication is urgently needed to help counter these challenges and reduce disparities in COVID-19's impact. Working in close partnership with 2-1-1 helplines in four states and nationwide, we propose rapid-cycle research that moves from audience analysis to message testing among priority populations identified in the NOSI. Our approach builds on strong evidence from our team's decades-long program of health communication research to eliminate disparities, especially proven message tactics such as cultural values, disparity framing, and narratives, that will be applied to the COVID-19 context. Specifically, we will conduct a multi-method content analysis of 43,000+ COVID-19 testing inquiries to 2-1-1 (Aim 1), survey and interview 350 2-1-1 callers and phone operators (Aim 2), and develop and evaluate in randomized A-B testing new COVID-19 testing messages among 300 2-1-1 callers (Aim 3). Taken together, these activities will identify essential context and content for communicating about COVID-19 testing to vulnerable populations, integrate this knowledge into proven message tactics, and determine their impact on interest in and intention to be tested and other key outcomes. Our partnership with 2-1-1s is central to the proposed research. Of the 24 priority populations identified in the NOSI, 2-1-1s serve a higher proportion of callers from nearly every group compared to their proportion of the U.S. population, including 60-80% racial or ethnic minorities, 40-55% with household income below $10,000, and 1 in 4 not completing high school. During COVID-19, 2-1-1s in 36 states have fielded 964,286 COVID-19 requests. These first-hand accounts from underserved Americans concerned about or affected by COVID-19 must inform communication efforts, and the infrastructure of 2-1-1 is well suited to support rapid testing of promising approaches.

抽象的 许多低收入美国人、少数族裔和其他边缘群体生活在信息之中—— 恶劣的环境、过多地接触有关 COVID-19 的错误信息以及对医疗的不信任， 政府和科学机构及领导人。这些以及其他社会、文化和行为因素构成了 在大流行期间增加人口检测和疫苗接种的公共卫生努力面临重大障碍。 迫切需要有效的健康沟通来帮助应对这些挑战并减少卫生方面的差异 COVID-19 的影响。我们与四个州和全国范围内的 2-1-1 帮助热线密切合作， 提出快速周期研究，优先考虑从受众分析转向消息测试 NOSI 中确定的人群。我们的方法建立在我们团队数十年的有力证据之上 旨在消除差异的健康传播研究计划，特别是经过验证的信息策略，例如 文化价值观、差异框架和叙述，将应用于 COVID-19 背景。具体来说，我们 将对 2-1-1（目标 1）调查的 43,000 多个 COVID-19 检测查询进行多方法内容分析 采访 350 名 2-1-1 呼叫者和电话接线员（目标 2），并以随机 A-B 形式进行开发和评估 在 300 名 2-1-1 呼叫者中测试新的 COVID-19 测试消息（目标 3）。总的来说，这些活动将 确定向弱势群体传达有关 COVID-19 检测的基本背景和内容， 将这些知识整合到经过验证的信息策略中，并确定它们对兴趣和意图的影响 进行测试和其他关键成果。我们与 2-1-1s 的合作是拟议研究的核心。 24 人中 NOSI 中确定的优先人群，2-1-1 为几乎每个群体中较高比例的呼叫者提供服务 与他们占美国人口的比例相比，其中 60-80% 是少数族裔或族裔，40-55% 是少数族裔 家庭收入低于 10,000 美元，四分之一的人没有完成高中学业。在新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 期间，36 小时内发生 2-1-1 各州已收到 964,286 个 COVID-19 请求。这些来自服务不足的美国人的第一手资料 担心或受 COVID-19 影响必须告知沟通工作，并且 2-1-1 的基础设施是 非常适合支持有前途的方法的快速测试。