Characterizing parental beliefs to support optimization of vaccine introduction

在过去的15年里，世界卫生组织建议每个国家纳入政府资助的儿童疫苗接种计划的疫苗数量迅速增加，尽管关于将新疫苗引入可能不熟悉所预防的特定疾病的人群的最佳方法的研究很少。然而，最初推出疫苗的情况可能会对人们对疫苗和预防疾病的看法产生持久的影响(例如，人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗在美国引入十多年后，接种率极低)。这个有指导的培训计划将建立在我强大的流行病学教育基础上，并将帮助我发展决策和实施科学方面的技能，以实现我的长期目标：了解随着更多疫苗的问世，人们对疫苗的态度如何随着时间的推移而发生变化；以及制定干预措施，有效地将疫苗新引入人群时的不信任降至最低。这笔赠款中的培训计划将使我熟悉相关的方法方法；我将在(1)制定健康信息，(2)研究人们对卫生保健干预的偏好，(3)了解政府对疫苗采用的看法，以及(4)管理复杂的国际研究方面获得专业知识。这项建议的研究目标是利用这一培训方案来表征疫苗可预防疾病的固有特征(如在疫苗介绍期间所呈现的)如何影响特定疫苗的评估和整个疫苗接种计划。具体地说，我将(1)确定上海和密歇根州在新冠肺炎大流行过程中疫苗接种的变化，(2)确定在推出疫苗期间对疫苗概况和接种计划属性的偏好，(3)确定在人群中引入性传播感染疫苗时存在的问题。这项提案将产生试点数据，以支持未来的R01赠款，这将测试系统和提供者层面的活动和干预措施对HPV疫苗接种的有效性，同时也旨在减少疫苗的犹豫。理想情况下，中国在扩大政府资助的儿童疫苗接种计划的同时采用新疫苗，可以避免其他国家引入新疫苗所经历的陷阱，并反过来为美国的疫苗引入战略提供参考。这项赠款提案得到了一个顾问团队的支持，顾问团队成员包括：具有儿童免疫专长的内科流行病学家马修·博尔顿博士；专注于疫苗决策研究的跨学科卫生政策研究员丽莎·普罗瑟教授；健康信息和风险沟通领域的领导者布莱恩·齐克蒙德-费舍尔教授；上海疾病预防控制中心免疫项目主任孙晓东博士；以及上海复旦大学流行病学副教授陆一汉博士，中国。

The number of vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization for every country to include in government-sponsored childhood vaccination programs has rapidly increased over the past fifteen years, although there is little research regarding the best approach to new vaccine introduction into a population that may be unfamiliar with the specific disease prevented. However, the circumstances surrounding the initial rollout of a vaccine may exert a lasting impact on perceptions of the vaccine and the disease prevented (e.g., human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake is extremely low more than ten years after its introduction in the US). This mentored training program will build upon my strong educational base in epidemiology, and will help me develop skills in decision and implementation sciences to reach my long-term goals: to understand how attitudes towards vaccines change over time as more vaccines become available; and to develop interventions that can effectively minimize distrust when a vaccine is newly introduced into a population. The training program in this grant will familiarize me with relevant methodological approaches; I will gain expertise in (1) developing health messages, (2) researching people's preferences for health care interventions, (3) understanding governmental perspectives on vaccine adoption, and (4) managing complex international studies. The research goal of this proposal utilizes this training regimen to characterize how the inherent characteristics of a vaccine-preventable disease (as presented during vaccine introduction) affect the valuation of a specific vaccine and the entire vaccination program. Specifically, I will (1) determine changes in vaccination in Shanghai and Michigan over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) characterize preferences for vaccine profile and vaccination program attributes during vaccine introduction, (3) identify problems in the introduction of vaccines for sexually transmitted infections in a population. This proposal will generate pilot data to support a future R01 grant, which will test the effectiveness of systemic- and provider-level activities and interventions on the uptake of HPV vaccine while also aiming to reduce vaccine hesitancy. Ideally, the adoption of new vaccines in China accompanying the expansion of their government sponsored childhood vaccination program can avoid the pitfalls experienced in other countries with new vaccine introduction, and in turn inform vaccine introduction strategies in the US. This grant proposal is supported by an advisory team comprising Dr. Matthew Boulton-a physician-epidemiologist with expertise in childhood immunization; Professor Lisa Prosser-an interdisciplinary health policy researcher with a research focus on vaccine decision-making; Professor Brian Zikmund-Fisher-a leader in health messaging and risk communication; Dr. Xiaodong Sun-the Director of Immunization Programs at the Shanghai Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and Dr. Yihan Lu-an Associate Professor of Epidemiology at Fudan University in Shanghai, China