Translation and Validation of a Radiofrequency-Penetrable PET insert for Simultaneous PET/MRI imaging of Neurological Disorders

项目摘要/摘要 我们建议临床翻译和验证一个创新的“射频(RF)穿透性” 专用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)插件技术，可放置在任何支架内- 单独的磁共振成像(MRI)系统，用于同时获取PET/MRI数据。为了这个 提议斯坦福大学团队将与行业合作伙伴“PETcos”合作解决技术开发问题 翻译研究所需，确保最终用户软件的行业级别标准化和 技术，并使用这种新型的PET插入物获取第一个住院患者的同步PET/MRI数据。PET/MRI 展示了一些吸引人的特征。首先，结合PET/MRI是唯一能够提供极佳 解剖软组织对比度和单次扫描中的多参数信息，因此， PET/MR现在通常被用来描述大脑、头部和颈部等区域的疾病， 乳房、肝脏和骨盆。其次，在PET/MR研究中，MRI不会引入电离辐射。这 放射剂量的显著减少使PET/MRI成为一种对儿科患者有吸引力的检查方式 需要反复进行正电子发射计算机断层扫描的患者。第三，PET/MR成像可以同时进行，这与 序列PET/CT，导致PET与MR数据在时间和空间上的相关性。尽管 尽管有这些吸引人的特点，但自2011年推出以来，PET/MRI的采用一直很缓慢。一条主干道 采用缓慢的原因是购买集成的PET/MRI系统的成本很高，这大约是 500万美元用于机器，另外150-200万美元用于托管机器所需的房间翻新。这个 由此产生的成本(约600万至700万美元)是大多数机构根本负担不起的。此外，永久性的 GE和西门子等供应商提供的集成PET/MR系统设计产生了次优空间 PET系统组件的分辨率和灵敏度性能，特别是神经成像 申请。建议的大脑专用PET环提供更高的光子灵敏度和空间 并且可以插入到任何现有的MR系统中；因此用户只需要获得该插入物， 而且不需要修改MR系统或翻新房间，将入门成本降低了约10%- 收牌。我们已经实现了第一代脑部专用PET插入物，用于同时进行PET/MR和ARE 完成第二代版本，空间分辨率为2.7x2.7x2.7mm3和后者 实现了6%的光子灵敏度。此外，这种插入方法是“射频穿透”的一个重要方面 和新的概念，使得能够使用用于RF的MR系统的内置身体线圈来收集PET/MR数据 通过PET环插入患者体内，并且只有一个射频接收器线圈驻留在 插入，从而促进实现PET/MR的低成本插入概念。我们将翻译和验证 第二代Brain PET插入并与我们的行业合作伙伴一起标准化我们的数据处理 工作流程。如果成功，该项目将使PET/MRI能够得到更广泛的传播/获取。

Project Summary/Abstract We propose the clinical translation and validation of an innovative “radiofrequency (RF) penetrable” dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) insert technology that can be placed within any stand- alone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system for acquiring simultaneous PET/MRI data. For this proposal the Stanford team will work with industry partner “PETcoil” to address technical developments required for translational studies, ensure industry level standardization of end user software and technology, and acquire first in-patient simultaneous PET/MRI data using this novel PET insert. PET/MRI exhibits some attractive features. First, combined PET/MRI is uniquely capable of providing excellent anatomical soft tissue contrast and multi-parameter information in a single a scan and, as a result, PET/MR is now commonly used for characterizing disease in regions such as the brain, head and neck, breast, liver and pelvis. Second, MRI does not introduce ionization radiation in a PET/MR study. This significant reduction of radiation dose makes PET/MRI an attractive modality for pediatric patients and those requiring recurring PET studies. Third, PET/MR imaging can occur simultaneously, unlike sequential PET/CT, resulting in temporal in addition to spatial correlation of PET with MR data. Despite these attractive features, the adoption of PET/MRI has been slow since its introduction in 2011. One main reason for this slow adoption is the high cost of procuring an integrated PET/MRI system, which is about $5M for the machine and another $1.5–2M for required room renovations to host the machine. The resulting cost (~$6-7M) is simply not affordable for most institutions. Furthermore, the permanently integrated PET/MR system designs offered by vendors such as GE and Siemens yield sub-optimal spatial resolution and sensitivity performance for the PET system component, especially for neurological imaging applications. The proposed brain-dedicated PET ring offers higher photon sensitivity and spatial resolution, and can be inserted into any existing MR system; thus a user only needs to procure the insert, and MR system modifications or room renovations are not required, reducing the entry costs roughly 10- fold. We have realized a 1st generation brain dedicated PET insert for simultaneous PET/MR and are completing a 2nd generation version, both with a spatial resolution of 2.7x2.7x2.7 mm3 and the latter achieving a photon sensitivity of >6%. In addition, this insert approach is “RF penetrable,” an important and novel concept enabling collection of PET/MR data using the MR system’s built-in body coil for RF transmission through the PET ring insert into the patient, and only a RF receiver coil resides inside the insert, thus facilitating the lower cost insert concept for achieving PET/MR. We will translate and validate the 2nd generation brain PET insert and work with our industry partner to standardize our data processing workflow. If successful, this project will enable more widespread dissemination/accessibility of PET/MRI.