Translation and Validation of a Radiofrequency-Penetrable PET insert for Simultaneous PET/MRI imaging of Neurological Disorders

项目概要/摘要 我们提出了一种创新的"射频（RF）可穿透"的临床翻译和验证 专用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）插入技术，可放置在任何支架内- 单独的磁共振成像（MRI）系统，用于同时采集PET/MRI数据。为此 斯坦福大学团队将与行业合作伙伴"PETcoil"合作，以解决技术发展问题 确保最终用户软件的行业水平标准化， 技术，并使用这种新型PET插入物获得第一个住院患者同步PET/MRI数据。pet/MRI 展现出一些吸引人的特征首先，组合PET/MRI能够提供极好的 解剖学软组织对比度和多参数信息，结果， PET/MR现在通常用于表征诸如大脑、头部和颈部的区域中的疾病， 乳房肝脏和骨盆其次，MRI在PET/MR研究中不引入电离辐射。这 辐射剂量的显著降低使PET/MRI成为儿科患者的一种有吸引力的方式， 需要重复PET检查的患者。第三，PET/MR成像可以同时进行， 序列PET/CT，导致PET与MR数据的时间和空间相关性。尽管 尽管PET/MRI具有这些吸引人的功能，但自2011年推出以来，其采用一直很缓慢。一个主 这种缓慢采用的原因是采购集成PET/MRI系统的高成本， 500万美元用于机器，另外150万至200万美元用于机器所需的房间装修。的 由此产生的成本（约600 - 700万美元）对于大多数机构来说根本无法负担。此外，永久 由GE和Siemens等供应商提供的集成PET/MR系统设计产生次优的空间 PET系统组件的分辨率和灵敏度性能，尤其是神经成像 应用.所提出的脑专用PET环提供更高的光子灵敏度和空间分辨率。 分辨率，并且可以插入到任何现有的MR系统中;因此用户仅需要获得插入物， 并且不需要对MR系统进行修改或对房间进行翻新，从而降低了大约10%的入门成本。 折我们已经实现了用于同步PET/MR的第一代脑部专用PET插件， 完成第二代版本，空间分辨率均为2.7x2.7x2.7 mm3，后者 实现> 6%的光子灵敏度。此外，这种插入方法是"RF可穿透的"，这是一个重要的优点。 和新颖的概念，能够使用MR系统的内置体线圈收集PET/MR数据， 在一个实施例中，RF接收器线圈可以通过PET环插入件传输到患者体内，并且只有RF接收器线圈驻留在PET环内。 插入物，从而促进实现PET/MR的低成本插入物概念。我们将翻译和验证 第二代脑PET插入器，并与我们的行业合作伙伴合作，使我们的数据处理标准化 工作流如果成功，该项目将能够更广泛地传播/获得PET/MRI。

Project Summary/Abstract We propose the clinical translation and validation of an innovative “radiofrequency (RF) penetrable” dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) insert technology that can be placed within any stand- alone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system for acquiring simultaneous PET/MRI data. For this proposal the Stanford team will work with industry partner “PETcoil” to address technical developments required for translational studies, ensure industry level standardization of end user software and technology, and acquire first in-patient simultaneous PET/MRI data using this novel PET insert. PET/MRI exhibits some attractive features. First, combined PET/MRI is uniquely capable of providing excellent anatomical soft tissue contrast and multi-parameter information in a single a scan and, as a result, PET/MR is now commonly used for characterizing disease in regions such as the brain, head and neck, breast, liver and pelvis. Second, MRI does not introduce ionization radiation in a PET/MR study. This significant reduction of radiation dose makes PET/MRI an attractive modality for pediatric patients and those requiring recurring PET studies. Third, PET/MR imaging can occur simultaneously, unlike sequential PET/CT, resulting in temporal in addition to spatial correlation of PET with MR data. Despite these attractive features, the adoption of PET/MRI has been slow since its introduction in 2011. One main reason for this slow adoption is the high cost of procuring an integrated PET/MRI system, which is about $5M for the machine and another $1.5–2M for required room renovations to host the machine. The resulting cost (~$6-7M) is simply not affordable for most institutions. Furthermore, the permanently integrated PET/MR system designs offered by vendors such as GE and Siemens yield sub-optimal spatial resolution and sensitivity performance for the PET system component, especially for neurological imaging applications. The proposed brain-dedicated PET ring offers higher photon sensitivity and spatial resolution, and can be inserted into any existing MR system; thus a user only needs to procure the insert, and MR system modifications or room renovations are not required, reducing the entry costs roughly 10- fold. We have realized a 1st generation brain dedicated PET insert for simultaneous PET/MR and are completing a 2nd generation version, both with a spatial resolution of 2.7x2.7x2.7 mm3 and the latter achieving a photon sensitivity of >6%. In addition, this insert approach is “RF penetrable,” an important and novel concept enabling collection of PET/MR data using the MR system’s built-in body coil for RF transmission through the PET ring insert into the patient, and only a RF receiver coil resides inside the insert, thus facilitating the lower cost insert concept for achieving PET/MR. We will translate and validate the 2nd generation brain PET insert and work with our industry partner to standardize our data processing workflow. If successful, this project will enable more widespread dissemination/accessibility of PET/MRI.