Air Pollution and Cognitive Function

摘要 细颗粒物空气污染已被发现与炎症、呼吸道疾病的增加有关 疾病、心血管事件风险、认知变化和阿尔茨海默病及相关风险 痴呆(ADRD)。先前的研究已经证实，那些暴露在更高水平的空气污染中的人 在尸检中，额叶皮质中积累的淀粉样β蛋白(Aβ)和tau水平越高，错误率就越高 认知功能评估，记忆力以及言语和非言语智力得分较低 评估。在美国，暴露在高水平空气污染中是很常见的，具有很大的异质性， 这往往与社会经济和种族/族裔差异有关。关于空气对健康影响的最多研究 污染以室外环境空气质量测量为基础，通常辅之以监测。这 方法不能解决室内空气质量和日常生活中的机动性的贡献，一直有限 地理空间精度，不能解决暴露和背景因素(例如时间)的个体差异 耗用的室内与室外、接近污染源、吸烟、陈旧的取暖材料和楼层 在建筑物里。这种暴露的错误分类可能导致对估计中的零值的严重偏向 空气污染的影响。商用的、经过验证的可穿戴空气质量传感器可以准确地 描述特定人的空气污染物暴露特征，以更好地了解它们与ADRD的关系，以及这些 将被用来评估该项目中的暴露情况。这个项目是爱因斯坦老化研究更新的一部分 (EAS；NIA P01 AG003949)，将跟踪767名年龄在60岁以上(基线无痴呆症)的不同参与者，最多5次 每年一波的数据收集，收集暴露在细颗粒物空气中的特定人指数 污染(PM1、PM2.5)调查细颗粒物暴露与认知功能的关系 和AD/ADRD(特异性目标1)，神经退行性变和血管脑病理的生物标志物(特异性目标1 2)和健康的社会决定因素(具体目标3)。建立特定人的空气关联 污染暴露与瞬时认知功能的关系，以及这种联系的生物途径 关联性被社会决定因素修改将深入了解个人对 急性和慢性环境应激源。

ABSTRACT Fine particulate matter air pollution has been found to be associated with increased inflammation, respiratory disease, cardiovascular event risk, and cognitive changes and risk for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Prior research has established that those exposed to higher levels of air pollution have higher levels of accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau in frontal cortex at autopsy, higher error rates on cognitive function assessments, and lower scores on memory and both verbal and non-verbal intelligence assessments. In the US, exposure to high levels of air pollution is common, with substantial heterogeneity that is often associated with socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences. Most research on the health effects of air pollution is based on outdoor ambient air quality measurements often supplemented by monitoring. This methodology cannot address contributions from indoor air quality and mobility in daily life, has limited geospatial precision, and cannot address individual differences in exposure and contextual factors (e.g., time spent indoor vs. outdoor, proximity to pollution sources, smoking, antiquated heating materials, and floor levels in buildings. This exposure misclassification likely results in significant biases towards the null in the estimation of the effects of air pollution. Commercially available, validated, wearable air quality sensors can accurately characterize person-specific air pollutant exposures to better understand how they relate to ADRD, and these will be used to assess exposure in this project. This Project, part of a renewal of the Einstein Aging Study (EAS; NIA P01 AG003949), will follow 767 diverse participants aged 60+ (dementia free at baseline) for up to 5 annual waves of data collection, collecting person-specific indices of exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM1, PM2.5) to investigate the association of fine particulate matter exposure with cognition function and AD/ADRD (Specific Aim 1), biomarkers of neurodegeneration and vascular brain pathology (Specific Aim 2), and social determinants of health (Specific Aim 3). Establishing the association of person-specific air pollution exposure with momentary cognitive function, a biological pathway for that association, and how this association is modified by social determinants will yield insight into individual susceptibility and resilience to acute and chronic environmental stressors.