The ECHO Measurement Core: A Framework and Resource for Assessing Environmental Exposure and Child Health

环境暴露深刻地塑造了寿命、健康和疾病的轨迹。前概念和前 围产期暴露可以永久改变发育中的大脑和相关的调节系统， 易受多种疾病和发育挑战的影响。保护和促进环境 即使在逆境中，各种因素也能促进福祉。ECHO队列研究中心联盟，核心， 和中心致力于绘制早期暴露对儿童健康和发展的影响。好 科学依赖于良好的测量。我们建议的ECHO测量核心将提供建议，协调， 对暴露、发育过程和健康结果进行协调、敏感的测量 实现ECHO目标的核心。我们提出三个目标。目标1是制定和完善措施， ECHO队列方案（ECP），包括实施措施的方法。我们将努力优化 风险和结果的测量，注意最佳测量实践以及受访者 工作人员的负担。我们将通过借鉴以下经验， 在整个ECHO网络中提供多样化的专业知识，以确保对以下方面进行可行、稳健和文化敏感的评估： 孕前阶段对ECHO儿童健康有直接影响的关键数据要素 结果（产前、产后、产后、气道、肥胖、神经发育和积极健康）。我们将利用 新的心理测量和技术方法，如计算机自适应测试，可穿戴传感器，以及其他 远程评估的创新，以减少研究参与的障碍，提高参与者的保留率。 目标2是协助ECHO联合会实施和评估ECP。我们将进一步合作 与联盟中的每个人一起完成协议，并建立一个标准的实施策略， 可以在不同的队列研究中心实施，包括确定最佳研究访视结构 和编排，开发操作程序手册（MOP），以及创建、支持和 适当的领导培训。目标3是领导战略决策和业务战略， 新的和修订的措施，以促进ECHO队列科学，同时最大限度地减少参与者和工作人员的负担。我们 建议通过保持协作沟通、快速部署数据 和生物样本采集，以满足时间敏感的需求， 发展，为迅速采用创新的数据收集方法建立技术管道，以及 确保数据收集战略适用于不同人群。我们的测量科学专业知识 在ECHO内外，与我们以参与者为中心的方法相结合，使我们能够在可靠和 具有实际可行性的有效评估，最终使我们能够将ECHO科学家聚集在一起， 共同目标是查明早期接触对儿童健康和发展的影响。

Environmental exposures profoundly shape lifespan health and disease trajectories. Preconception and pre- perinatal exposure can permanently alter the developing brain and associated regulatory systems to increase susceptibility to a host of diseases and developmental challenges. Protective and promotive environmental factors can promote well-being, even amidst adversity. The ECHO Consortium of Cohort Study Sites, Cores, and Centers is dedicated to mapping the impact of early exposures on child health and development. Good science depends on good measurement. Our proposed ECHO Measurement Core will advise, orchestrate, and frame the coordinated, sensitive measurement of exposures, developmental processes, and health outcomes central to achieving ECHO's objective. We propose three aims. Aim 1 is to develop and refine measures for the ECHO Cohort Protocol (ECP), including methods to implement the measures. We will lead efforts to optimize the measurement of exposures and outcomes, mindful of best measurement practices as well as respondent and staff burden. We will lead the timely development of a preconception section for the Protocol by drawing on diverse expertise across the ECHO Network to ensure feasible, robust, and culturally sensitive assessment of critical data elements in the preconception period that have direct import for the primary ECHO child health outcomes (pre-, peri-, post-natal, airways, obesity, neurodevelopment, and positive health). We will leverage novel psychometric and technological methods such as computer adaptive tests, wearable sensors, and other innovations in remote assessment, to reduce barriers to study participation and enhance participant retention. Aim 2 is to assist the ECHO Consortium in implementing and evaluating the ECP. We will further collaborate with everyone in the Consortium to finalize the protocol and establish a standard implementation strategy that can be implemented across the diverse Cohort Study Sites, including determining optimal study visit structure and choreography, developing Manual(s) of Operating Procedures (MOPs), and creating, supporting, and, when appropriate, leading training. Aim 3 is to lead strategic decision-making and operational strategies to incorporate new and revised measures to advance ECHO Cohort science while minimizing participant and staff burden. We propose to optimize measurement decisions by maintaining collaborative communication, rapidly deploying data and biospecimen collection for time-sensitive needs, identifying and evaluating important measurement developments, creating a technology pipeline for rapid adoption of innovative approaches to data collection, and ensuring data collection strategies are validated for diverse populations. Our measurement science expertise within and outside of ECHO, paired with our participant-centered approach, enables us to bridge reliable and valid assessment with practical feasibility and ultimately allows us to bring ECHO scientists together toward our shared goal of mapping the impact of early exposures on child health and development.