Occupational Exposure Assessment

职业暴露评估

• 批准号: 10918963
• 负责人: Melissa Friesen
• 金额: $ 78.74万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10918963
• 关键词: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; Air; Algorithms; Aromatic Amines; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Arsenic; Asbestos; Asian; Atrazine; Benzene; Benzene Exposure; Biological Markers; Cadmium; Carbon Black; Carcinogens; Case/Control Studies; Chemicals; Childhood Malignant Brain Tumor; Chlorinated Hydrocarbons; Chromium; Classification; Code; Cohort Studies; Computer software; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Databases; Development; Diesel Exhaust; Dose; Dust; Electromagnetic Fields; Ewings sarcoma; Exposure to; Formaldehyde; Gasoline; Germ cell tumor; Goals; Hormonal; Human; Immune; Individual; Lead; Link; Lymphatic; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of brain; Malignant neoplasm of larynx; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder; Measurement; Metals; Methodological Studies; Methods; Modeling; Neoplasms; New England; Occupational; Occupational Epidemiology; Occupational Exposure; Occupations; Participant; Particulate; Pattern; Performance; Pesticides; Physical activity; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Population Study; Procedures; Publishing; Questionnaires; Renal carcinoma; Reporting; Solvents; Spain; Specificity; System; Techniques; Text; Training; Trichloroethylene; Urine; Validation; Woman; Wood material; Work; air monitoring; case control; cohort; data mining; design; exhaust; farmer; gender difference; genotoxicity; improved; lead exposure; leukemia; malignant breast neoplasm; mathematical model; men; novel; population based; programs; response; urinary

Assessment of occupational exposures is a crucial factor in evaluating dose-response relationships and most human population-based studies conducted by the Branch have an extensive exposure assessment component. Major assessment efforts in cohort studies have involved exposures to pesticides, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and diesel exhaust fumes, and to a broad range of exposures in a cohort study of women in Shanghai and shipyard workers. Cross-sectional studies are being conducted to study the effect of benzene, diesel exhaust, trichloroethylene, and atrazine on genotoxic, immune, and hormonal parameters. In the case-control design, jobs have been evaluated for a wide variety of exposures, including solvents (including chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic, and other solvents), metals (arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead), electromagnetic fields, polychlorinated biphenyls, dusts (wood dust and other types) , asbestos, formaldehyde, physical activity, nitrosoamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, gasoline and diesel exhausts, aromatic amines, and pesticides. These exposures have been evaluated in studies of cancer of the bladder, brain, breast, kidney, lung, larynx, and the lymphatic and hemtopoietic system, and of childhood brain cancer, germ cell tumor cancer, and leukemia Ewings sarcoma and possible associations with parental occupations. Methodologic studies are also conducted to improve exposure assessment techniques and to understand exposure patterns, such as peak exposures. A study has been conducted in Shanghai to evaluate assessments made from detailed occupational questionnaires with air measurements. A report describing the exposure assessment procedures for evaluating EMF exposures in a brain cancer case-control study has been published. Reports describing the occurrences of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated and aromatic solvents, wood dust, lead, cadmium, and nitrosoamines are being prepared. Detailed questionnaires have been developed for several case-control studies: a kidney cancer study in the US, a bladder cancer study in New England, a NHL study in the US, and a bladder cancer study in Spain, and neoplasmic lyphomas in four Asian centers (AsiaLymph Study). A comparison of assessments to pesticides has been compared to pesticide metabolites in the urine. Important determinants of exposure to 2,4-D has been evaluated using urinary levels. Historical benzene and lead exposure estimates have been developed using a novel framework that combines job-exposure matrices with databases of inspection measurements to predict exposure for a population-based cohort of women in Shanghai. Air monitoring of particulate, black carbon, and bioaerosol exposures is being conducted on farmers. Data mining models have been used to extract decision rules from questionnaire responses and previously assessed exposure metrics for occupational diesel exhaust exposure so that the decision rules can be used in subsequent studies. The same data mining approaches is being used for other agents, including lead and chlorinated solvents. An algorithm-based approach that efficiently links expert-based exposure decisions to participants responses to exposure-oriented modules was developed to estimate occupational diesel exhaust exposure and was compared to estimates from an expert review of each individual job. Exposure estimates for lead and cadmium exposure are being developed for the kidney cancer study. Occupational questionnaire data was used to evaluate gender differences in work tasks and exposure within men and women reporting the same job title. A software program to automatically assign occupation codes based on free-text entries of job title has been developed to improve the efficiency of conducting occupational epidemiology; a revised algorithm is being developed by expanding the training database.

职业暴露评估是评估剂量反应关系的关键因素，该处进行的大多数基于人群的研究都有广泛的暴露评估部分。 队列研究的主要评估工作涉及农药、苯、多环芳烃和柴油机尾气的暴露，以及对上海女性和造船厂工人的队列研究中的广泛暴露。 目前正在进行横断面研究，以研究苯、柴油机尾气、三氯乙烯和莠去津对遗传毒性、免疫和激素参数的影响。 在病例对照设计中，对工作的各种暴露进行了评估，包括溶剂（包括氯化烃、芳香族和其他溶剂）、金属（砷、铬、镉、铅）、电磁场、多氯联苯、灰尘（木屑和其他类型）、石棉、甲醛、体力活动、 亚硝胺、多环芳烃、汽油和柴油废气、芳香胺和农药。 这些暴露已在膀胱癌、脑癌、乳腺癌、肾癌、肺癌、喉癌、淋巴和造血系统癌症、儿童脑癌、生殖细胞肿瘤和白血病尤文氏肉瘤以及可能与父母职业的关系的研究中进行了评估。 还进行了方法学研究，以改进暴露评估技术并了解暴露模式，例如峰值暴露。 上海进行了一项研究，评估通过详细的职业问卷和空气测量得出的评估结果。 一份报告描述了评估脑癌病例对照研究中电磁场暴露的暴露评估程序。 正在准备描述农药、多氯联苯、氯化和芳香溶剂、木屑、铅、镉和亚硝胺的出现情况的报告。 已经为多项病例对照研究制定了详细的调查问卷：美国的一项肾癌研究、新英格兰的一项膀胱癌研究、美国的一项 NHL 研究、西班牙的一项膀胱癌研究以及四个亚洲中心的肿瘤性淋巴瘤研究（亚洲淋巴研究）。对农药的评估结果与尿液中的农药代谢物进行了比较。 已使用尿液水平评估了 2,4-D 暴露的重要决定因素。历史苯和铅暴露估计是使用一种新颖的框架进行的，该框架将工作暴露矩阵与检查测量数据库相结合，以预测上海女性群体的暴露情况。正在对农民进行颗粒物、黑碳和生物气溶胶暴露的空气监测。数据挖掘模型已用于从问卷答复和先前评估的职业柴油废气暴露的暴露指标中提取决策规则，以便决策规则可用于后续研究。相同的数据挖掘方法也用于其他试剂，包括铅和氯化溶剂。 开发了一种基于算法的方法，该方法可以有效地将基于专家的暴露决策与参与者对暴露导向模块的反应联系起来，以估计职业柴油废气暴露，并将其与每个单独工作的专家审查的估计值进行比较。正在为肾癌研究制定铅和镉暴露的暴露估计。职业问卷数据用于评估同一职称的男性和女性在工作任务和接触方面的性别差异。开发了根据职称自由文本输入自动分配职业代码的软件程序，以提高进行职业流行病学的效率；正在通过扩展训练数据库来开发修订后的算法。

项目成果

Using Decision Rules to Assess Occupational Exposure in Population-Based Studies.

在基于人群的研究中使用决策规则评估职业暴露。

• DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00240-w
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Current environmental health reports
• 影响因子: 7.9
• 作者: Sauvé,Jean-François;Friesen,MelissaC
• 通讯作者: Friesen,MelissaC

Simultaneous modeling of detection rate and exposure concentration using semi-continuous models to identify exposure determinants when left-censored data may be a true zero.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00331-7
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Friesen MC;Choo-Wosoba H;Sarazin P;Hwang J;Dopart P;Russ DE;Deziel NC;Lavoué J;Albert PS;Zhu B
• 通讯作者: Zhu B

What Should We Do with Short-Term Jobs in Studies of Chronic Diseases?

慢性病研究的短期工作我们应该怎么办？

• DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz041
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Annals of work exposures and health
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Friesen,MelissaC