Occupational Exposure Assessment

职业暴露评估

• 批准号: 8349556
• 负责人: Melissa Friesen
• 金额: $ 96.73万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8349556
• 关键词: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; Air; Aromatic Amines; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Arsenic; Asbestos; Atrazine; Benzene; Biological Markers; Brain; Breast; Cadmium; Carcinogens; Case-Control Studies; Chemicals; Childhood; Chlorinated Hydrocarbons; Chromium; Classification; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Development; Diesel Exhaust; Dose; Dust; Electromagnetic Fields; Ewings sarcoma; Exposure to; Formaldehyde; Gasoline; Germ cell tumor; Goals; Hormonal; Immune; Kidney; Larynx; Lead; Lung; Lymphatic; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of brain; Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder; Measurement; Metals; Methods; Metric; Modeling; New England; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Occupations; Pattern; Performance; Pesticides; Physical activity; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Procedures; Questionnaires; Renal carcinoma; Reporting; Solvents; Spain; Specificity; System; Techniques; Trichloroethylene; Urine; Validation; Woman; Wood material; base; case control; cohort; data mining; design; exhaust; improved; leukemia; mathematical model; population based; response; urinary

Assessment of occupational exposures is a crucial factor in evaluating dose-response relationships and most studies conducted by the Branch have an extensive exposure assessment component. Major assessment efforts in cohort studies have involved exposures to pesticides, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and diesel exhaust fumes, and to a broad range of exposures in a cohort study of women in Shanghai and shipyard workers. Cross-sectional studies are being conducted to study the effect of benzene, trichloroethylene, and atrazine on genotoxic, immune, and hormonal parameters. In the case-control design, jobs have been evaluated for a wide variety of exposures, including solvents (including chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic, and other solvents), metals (arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead), electromagnetic fields, polychlorinated biphenyls, dusts (wood dust and other types) , asbestos, formaldehyde, physical activity, nitrosoamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, gasoline and diesel exhausts, aromatic amines, and pesticides. These exposures have been evaluated in studies of cancer of the bladder, brain, breast, kidney, lung, larynx, and the lymphatic and hemtopoietic system, and of childhood brain cancer, germ cell tumor cancer, and leukemia Ewings sarcoma and possible associations with parental occupations. Methodologic studies are also conducted to improve exposure assessment techniques and to understand exposure patterns, such as peak exposures. A study is being conducted in Shanghai to evaluate assessments made from detailed occupational questionnaires with air measurements. A report describing the exposure assessment procedures for evaluating EMF exposures in a brain cancer case-control study is underway. Reports describing the occurrences of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated and aromatic solvents, wood dust, lead, cadmium, and nitrosoamines are being prepared. Detailed questionnaires have been developed for several case-control studies: a kidney cancer study in the US, a bladder cancer study in New England, a NHL study in the US, and a bladder cancer study in Spain. A comparison of assessments to pesticides is being compared to pesticide metabolites in the urine. Important determinants of exposure to 2,4-D are being evaluated using urinary levels. Data mining models are being used to extract decision rules from questionnaire responses and previously assessed exposure metrics so that the decision rules can be used in subsequent studies. Comparisons of various exposure assessments methods are being made. Exposure estimates for lead and cadmium exposure are being developed for the kidney cancer study.

职业照射评估是评价剂量-反应关系的一个关键因素，分支进行的大多数研究都有广泛的照射评估内容。队列研究中的主要评估工作涉及农药、苯、多环芳烃和柴油机废气的暴露，以及上海女性和造船厂工人队列研究中的广泛暴露。目前正在进行横断面研究，以研究苯、三氯乙烯和阿特拉津对遗传毒性、免疫和激素参数的影响。在病例对照设计中，对各种暴露（包括溶剂）的工作进行了评估（包括氯化烃、芳烃和其他溶剂）、金属（砷、铬、镉、铅）、电磁场、多氯联苯、粉尘（木尘和其他类型），石棉，甲醛，体力活动，亚硝胺，多环芳烃，汽油和柴油废气，芳香胺，和杀虫剂。在对膀胱癌、脑癌、乳腺癌、肾癌、肺癌、喉癌、淋巴癌和造血系统癌、儿童脑癌、生殖细胞肿瘤癌和白血病尤因氏肉瘤以及与父母职业的可能关联的研究中，对这些接触进行了评估。还进行了方法学研究，以改进暴露评估技术，并了解暴露模式，如峰值暴露。目前正在上海进行一项研究，以评估通过详细的职业问卷和空气测量所作的评估。一份描述在脑癌病例对照研究中评估EMF暴露的暴露评估程序的报告正在进行中。目前正在编写报告，介绍农药、多氯联苯、氯化和芳香溶剂、木尘、铅、镉和亚硝胺的出现情况。已经为几项病例对照研究开发了详细的问卷：美国的肾癌研究、新英格兰的膀胱癌研究、美国的NHL研究和西班牙的膀胱癌研究。正在将对农药的评估与尿液中的农药代谢物进行比较。暴露于2，4-D的重要决定因素正在使用尿液水平进行评估。数据挖掘模型被用来提取决策规则，从问卷调查的答复和以前评估的暴露指标，使决策规则可以用于后续的研究。目前正在对各种接触评估方法进行比较。目前正在为肾癌研究制定铅和镉接触的估计值。