Sleep deprivation and energy balance

描述(申请人提供)：最近的流行病学研究表明，睡眠时间短(d5-7小时/晚)与超重和肥胖有关，因此睡眠时间短的人往往比那些每晚睡眠8-9小时的人有更高的身体质量指数(BMI)。这种关系的机制目前尚不清楚。然而，必须打破能量平衡才能导致体重增加。因此，这项研究的目的是检验相对于习惯睡眠时间8-9小时/晚的短睡眠时间4小时/晚对能量平衡的影响。这项研究的主要目的是比较习惯性睡眠和短睡眠期间的能量消耗和能量摄入，并研究习惯性睡眠和短睡眠期间与进食行为有关的神经和激素途径。年龄30-45岁，体重指数为22-25公斤/平方米的男性和女性将被招募参加这项关于短睡眠和习惯性睡眠时间的随机交叉研究。在每一段{5}个晚上，受试者将被要求在监督下在实验室睡觉。在此期间，受试者将全部住院，以确保遵守协议。每个睡眠持续时间段将被2-4周冲洗期隔开。在每个阶段的第一天，受试者将被给予一剂双标记水，以测量6-d期间自由生活的能量消耗。{在最初的4天内，将控制能量摄入，并在固定时间供应食物。最后两天将是自由进食自己选择的食物。}包括瘦素、胰岛素、Ghrelin、{PYY、脂联素和GLP-1}在内的激素将在禁食状态下每天进行评估{在第4天，在24小时内，当受试者以固定的进餐时间食用受控饮食时}。第五天将进行大脑活动对食物刺激反应的功能磁共振成像测量，以检查与进食动机相关的大脑区域。在第5天，受试者将接受[基础代谢率使用间接量热法]的测量。第5天和第6天将评估临时能量摄入量。夜间将进行多导睡眠监测(以评估睡眠持续时间)。调解分析将使我们能够确定荷尔蒙水平是否与能量消耗和能量摄入数据相关并对其进行预测。这项研究中进行的测量将使我们能够确定睡眠时间的减少如何影响能量平衡，并可能导致体重的变化。因此，它将提供与能量平衡有关的神经、生理、荷尔蒙和行为网络的全面信息，这些网络受睡眠时间的影响。公共卫生相关性：观察性和流行病学研究发现，肥胖和睡眠时间短之间存在联系，在过去几十年中，两者的患病率都在上升。目前，还不清楚睡眠不足是否会导致肥胖，以及睡眠不足会如何导致肥胖。一些研究将睡眠不足与刺激食欲的荷尔蒙水平升高联系在一起。这项研究将研究如何通过睡眠时间来改变食物摄入量和能量消耗，以此来理解潜在的因果关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent epidemiological studies show that short sleep duration (d5-7 h/night) correlates with overweight and obesity, such that individuals with short sleep periods tend to have a higher body mass index (BMI) than those who sleep 8-9 h/night. The mechanism for this relationship is currently unknown. However, energy balance must be disrupted to produce weight gain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of short sleep duration, 4 h/night, relative to habitual sleep duration of 8-9 h/night, on energy balance. The major aims of this study are to compare energy expenditure and energy intake during the periods of habitual and short sleep duration and to examine the neural and hormonal pathways involved in eating behavior under periods of habitual and short sleep. Men and women, 30-45 y and BMI {22-25} kg/m2, will be recruited to participate in this randomized, crossover study of short and habitual sleep periods. During each period of {5} nights, subjects will be required to sleep at the laboratory under supervision. During this time, subjects will be total inpatients to ensure compliance with the protocol. Each sleep duration period will be separated by a 2-4-wk washout period. On the first day of each phase, subjects will be given a dose of doubly-labeled water to measure free-living energy expenditure over the 6-d period. {During the first 4 days, energy intake will be controlled and meals served at fixed times. The last 2 days will be ad libitum feeding of self-selected meals.} Hormones, including leptin, insulin, ghrelin, {PYY, adiponectin, and GLP-1} will be assessed daily in the fasted state {and, on day 4, over a 24- hour period, while subjects are consuming a controlled diet with fixed meal times}. Functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements of brain activity in response to food stimuli will be done on day 5 to examine brain regions associated with motivation to eat. On day 5, subjects will undergo measurements of {basal metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry}. Ad libitum energy intakes will be assessed on days 5 and 6. Polysomnographic monitoring will be performed nightly {to assess sleep duration}. Mediation analyses will allow us to determine whether hormone levels are related to and predictive of energy expenditure and energy intake data. The measurements performed in this study will allow us to determine how reduced sleep periods can impact energy balance and potentially lead to changes in body weight. As such, it will provide comprehensive information of the neural, physiological, hormonal, and behavioral networks related to energy balance and which are affected by sleep duration. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Observational and epidemiological studies have found a link between obesity and short sleep duration with the prevalence of both increasing in the past decades. At this time, it is unknown whether short sleep is a cause of obesity and how short sleep would lead to obesity. Some studies associate short sleep with increased levels of hormone that stimulate appetite. This study will examine how food intake and energy expenditure can be modified by sleep duration as a means of understanding a potential causal pathway.