Sleep deprivation and energy balance

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的流行病学研究表明，睡眠时间短（5-7小时/晚）与超重和肥胖相关，因此睡眠时间短的个体往往比睡眠时间8-9小时/晚的个体具有更高的体重指数（BMI）。这种关系的机制目前尚不清楚。然而，能量平衡必须被打破才能导致体重增加。因此，本研究的目的是研究4小时/晚的短睡眠时间相对于8-9小时/晚的习惯睡眠时间对能量平衡的影响。本研究的主要目的是比较习惯睡眠和短睡眠期间的能量消耗和能量摄入，并检查在习惯睡眠和短睡眠期间参与饮食行为的神经和激素通路。将招募年龄在30-45岁、体重指数为{22-25}kg/m2的男性和女性参加这项关于短睡眠和习惯性睡眠的随机交叉研究。在每个bb00晚的时间段内，受试者将被要求在实验室的监督下睡觉。在此期间，受试者均为住院患者，以确保遵守方案。每个睡眠时间将被2-4周的洗脱期分开。在每个阶段的第一天，受试者将被给予一剂双标签水，以测量6天内自由生活的能量消耗。{前4天，控制能量摄入，定时用餐。最后2天自由供餐，自选餐。激素，包括瘦素、胰岛素、生长素、PYY、脂联素和GLP-1，将在禁食状态下每天进行评估，并在第4天的24小时内进行评估，同时受试者进食固定进餐时间的控制饮食。功能性磁共振成像测量大脑对食物刺激反应的活动将在第五天进行，以检查与进食动机相关的大脑区域。第5天，受试者将使用间接量热法测量基础代谢率。在第5天和第6天评估自由采食量。每晚进行多导睡眠图监测{以评估睡眠时间}。中介分析将使我们能够确定激素水平是否与能量消耗和能量摄入数据相关和预测。在这项研究中进行的测量将使我们能够确定睡眠时间减少如何影响能量平衡并可能导致体重变化。因此，它将提供与能量平衡相关的神经、生理、激素和行为网络的全面信息，这些网络受睡眠时间的影响。公共卫生相关性：观察性和流行病学研究发现，肥胖和睡眠时间短之间存在联系，在过去几十年里，这两种情况的患病率都在增加。目前尚不清楚睡眠不足是否会导致肥胖，以及睡眠不足如何导致肥胖。一些研究将睡眠不足与刺激食欲的激素水平升高联系起来。这项研究将研究食物摄入和能量消耗如何通过睡眠时间来改变，作为理解潜在因果途径的一种手段。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent epidemiological studies show that short sleep duration (d5-7 h/night) correlates with overweight and obesity, such that individuals with short sleep periods tend to have a higher body mass index (BMI) than those who sleep 8-9 h/night. The mechanism for this relationship is currently unknown. However, energy balance must be disrupted to produce weight gain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of short sleep duration, 4 h/night, relative to habitual sleep duration of 8-9 h/night, on energy balance. The major aims of this study are to compare energy expenditure and energy intake during the periods of habitual and short sleep duration and to examine the neural and hormonal pathways involved in eating behavior under periods of habitual and short sleep. Men and women, 30-45 y and BMI {22-25} kg/m2, will be recruited to participate in this randomized, crossover study of short and habitual sleep periods. During each period of {5} nights, subjects will be required to sleep at the laboratory under supervision. During this time, subjects will be total inpatients to ensure compliance with the protocol. Each sleep duration period will be separated by a 2-4-wk washout period. On the first day of each phase, subjects will be given a dose of doubly-labeled water to measure free-living energy expenditure over the 6-d period. {During the first 4 days, energy intake will be controlled and meals served at fixed times. The last 2 days will be ad libitum feeding of self-selected meals.} Hormones, including leptin, insulin, ghrelin, {PYY, adiponectin, and GLP-1} will be assessed daily in the fasted state {and, on day 4, over a 24- hour period, while subjects are consuming a controlled diet with fixed meal times}. Functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements of brain activity in response to food stimuli will be done on day 5 to examine brain regions associated with motivation to eat. On day 5, subjects will undergo measurements of {basal metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry}. Ad libitum energy intakes will be assessed on days 5 and 6. Polysomnographic monitoring will be performed nightly {to assess sleep duration}. Mediation analyses will allow us to determine whether hormone levels are related to and predictive of energy expenditure and energy intake data. The measurements performed in this study will allow us to determine how reduced sleep periods can impact energy balance and potentially lead to changes in body weight. As such, it will provide comprehensive information of the neural, physiological, hormonal, and behavioral networks related to energy balance and which are affected by sleep duration. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Observational and epidemiological studies have found a link between obesity and short sleep duration with the prevalence of both increasing in the past decades. At this time, it is unknown whether short sleep is a cause of obesity and how short sleep would lead to obesity. Some studies associate short sleep with increased levels of hormone that stimulate appetite. This study will examine how food intake and energy expenditure can be modified by sleep duration as a means of understanding a potential causal pathway.