Functional Organization of Visual Area MT

视觉区域 MT 的功能组织

• 批准号: 7924407
• 负责人: RICHARD T BORN
• 金额: $ 29.12万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7924407
• 关键词: Address; Architecture; Area; Behavior; Biological; Biological Models; Cerebral cortex; Classification; Clinical; Color; Complex; Contrast Sensitivity; Cues; Deoxyglucose; Eye Movements; Figs - dietary; Knowledge; Label; Left; Life; Measures; Mental disorders; Modeling; Mono-S; Motion; Neurons; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Play; Process; Property; Psyche structure; Rabies; Rabies virus; Retinal; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Route; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Stream; Surface; Survival Analysis; Synapses; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Thick; Time; Tracer; Viral; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual Motion; Visual system structure; Work; abstracting; area MT; area striata; base; extrastriate visual cortex; magnocellular; novel; object motion; receptive field; research study; response; segregation; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cerebral cortex consists of numerous, relatively discrete, areas that are specialized for various functions. In the visual system, the connections between these areas are orderly and hierarchical, with relatively more abstract representations of the visual world emerging at higher levels of the hierarchy. In addition, different visual attributes, such as motion and color, are, to a first approximation, processed in separate, parallel "streams." However, the visual system is also characterized by rich sets of interconnections between different processing streams, so that any given area will receive inputs from many other areas. What is the role of the various different inputs in generating the particular response properties of a given set of neurons? We propose to use the middle temporal visual area (MT or V5) as a model system with which to address this question. Because a number of higher-level visual motion computations have been identified in MT neurons, and because the different routes of information flow are reasonably well known, we can begin to dissect the role played by the various inputs in generating more complex receptive field properties. This proposal will focus on the anatomical and functional relationships between cortical and subcortical pathways to MT. A combination of novel anatomical techniques (multi-synaptic, retrograde viral tracers), functional techniques (single unit recording, reversible inactivation, 2-deoxyglucose) and behavior (eye movements) will be used to elucidate the role of the so-called "indirect pathways" in shaping the response properties of MT neurons. The result of these experiments will be a better understanding of the cortical circuitry that gives rise to the receptive field properties of MT neurons and of the role that they play in perception and visually guided behavior. Ultimately, these studies will inform our understanding of the biological basis of mental life, which is critical for the treatment and cure of mental disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：大脑皮层由专门用于各种功能的许多相对离散的区域组成。在视觉系统中，这些区域之间的连接是有序的和分层的，在较高层次结构的较高层次上出现了视觉世界的相对抽象的表示。另外，在单独的平行“流”中处理的不同视觉属性（例如运动和颜色）是第一个近似值。但是，视觉系统还以不同的处理流之间的丰富互连为特征，因此任何给定的区域都将从其他许多区域接收输入。各种不同输入在产生给定神经元的特定响应特性中的作用是什么？我们建议将中间时间视觉区域（MT或V5）用作一个模型系统来解决此问题。因为在MT神经元中已经确定了许多高级视觉运动计算，并且由于不同信息流的不同途径是相当众所周知的，因此我们可以开始剖析各种输入在生成更复杂的接受场属性中所起的作用。该建议将集中于MT皮质和皮质下途径之间的解剖和功能关系。新型解剖技术（多突触，逆行病毒示踪剂），功能技术（单个单位记录，可逆失活，2-脱氧葡萄糖）和行为（眼动）的组合将用于阐明所谓的“间接途径”在构成响应质量中的作用。这些实验的结果将更好地理解皮质回路，从而引起MT神经元的接受场特性以及它们在感知和视觉引导行为中所起的作用。最终，这些研究将为我们对精神生活的生物学基础的理解提供信息，这对于精神障碍的治疗和治愈至关重要。