Functional Organization of Visual Area MT

视觉区域 MT 的功能组织

• 批准号: 7924407
• 负责人: RICHARD T BORN
• 金额: $ 29.12万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7924407
• 关键词: Address; Architecture; Area; Behavior; Biological; Biological Models; Cerebral cortex; Classification; Clinical; Color; Complex; Contrast Sensitivity; Cues; Deoxyglucose; Eye Movements; Figs - dietary; Knowledge; Label; Left; Life; Measures; Mental disorders; Modeling; Mono-S; Motion; Neurons; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Play; Process; Property; Psyche structure; Rabies; Rabies virus; Retinal; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Route; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Stream; Surface; Survival Analysis; Synapses; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Thick; Time; Tracer; Viral; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual Motion; Visual system structure; Work; abstracting; area MT; area striata; base; extrastriate visual cortex; magnocellular; novel; object motion; receptive field; research study; response; segregation; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cerebral cortex consists of numerous, relatively discrete, areas that are specialized for various functions. In the visual system, the connections between these areas are orderly and hierarchical, with relatively more abstract representations of the visual world emerging at higher levels of the hierarchy. In addition, different visual attributes, such as motion and color, are, to a first approximation, processed in separate, parallel "streams." However, the visual system is also characterized by rich sets of interconnections between different processing streams, so that any given area will receive inputs from many other areas. What is the role of the various different inputs in generating the particular response properties of a given set of neurons? We propose to use the middle temporal visual area (MT or V5) as a model system with which to address this question. Because a number of higher-level visual motion computations have been identified in MT neurons, and because the different routes of information flow are reasonably well known, we can begin to dissect the role played by the various inputs in generating more complex receptive field properties. This proposal will focus on the anatomical and functional relationships between cortical and subcortical pathways to MT. A combination of novel anatomical techniques (multi-synaptic, retrograde viral tracers), functional techniques (single unit recording, reversible inactivation, 2-deoxyglucose) and behavior (eye movements) will be used to elucidate the role of the so-called "indirect pathways" in shaping the response properties of MT neurons. The result of these experiments will be a better understanding of the cortical circuitry that gives rise to the receptive field properties of MT neurons and of the role that they play in perception and visually guided behavior. Ultimately, these studies will inform our understanding of the biological basis of mental life, which is critical for the treatment and cure of mental disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：大脑皮层由许多相对离散的区域组成，这些区域专门用于各种功能。在视觉系统中，这些区域之间的联系是有序和分层的，视觉世界的相对更抽象的表示出现在层次结构的更高层次。此外，不同的视觉属性，如运动和颜色，基本上是在单独的并行“流”中处理的。“然而，视觉系统的特征还在于不同处理流之间的丰富互连，因此任何给定区域都将接收来自许多其他区域的输入。在产生给定神经元集合的特定响应特性时，各种不同的输入起什么作用？我们建议使用中颞视觉区（MT或V5）作为一个模型系统来解决这个问题。由于在MT神经元中已经确定了许多更高层次的视觉运动计算，并且由于信息流的不同路径是相当众所周知的，因此我们可以开始剖析各种输入在产生更复杂的感受野特性中所扮演的角色。这个建议将集中在皮层和皮层下的MT通路之间的解剖和功能关系。新的解剖技术（多突触，逆行病毒示踪剂），功能技术（单单位记录，可逆失活，2-脱氧葡萄糖）和行为（眼球运动）的组合将被用来阐明所谓的“间接途径”在塑造MT神经元的响应特性的作用。这些实验的结果将是一个更好的理解皮层电路，产生了MT神经元的感受野特性，以及它们在感知和视觉引导行为中的作用。最终，这些研究将为我们了解精神生活的生物学基础提供信息，这对于治疗和治愈精神疾病至关重要。