How Can Parents Get Their Kids to Eat More Fruits and Vegetables?

描述（由研究者提供）：在美国，儿童肥胖已达到流行病的程度，并在持续增加。超重儿童成为超重成人的风险更高。超重的儿童和成人都有出现严重健康问题的风险。由于肥胖治疗项目的成效有限，教给孩子健康饮食习惯的肥胖预防项目似乎为他们提供了一种保持体重或不再增加体重的方法。大多数现有的儿童肥胖预防项目都是以学校为基础的，通常不起作用或效果甚微。预防肥胖的活动应该在生命早期就开始，在行为仍有可塑性的时候，在成为肥胖成年人的风险大幅增加之前。食用水果和蔬菜（FaV）与低热量摄入、低脂肪摄入和低BMI有关。食物教育的做法已经被证明会影响孩子们最喜欢的食物的摄入量。权威的养育方式尤其被证明可以增加儿童的FaV摄入量并减少肥胖。干预措施，以加强权威FaV父母的做法，应增加儿童的FaV摄入量和减少体重增加。电子游戏是一种非常流行且吸引人的媒介。我们最近的审查显示，27项评估中有26项对健康有积极影响。使用模拟真实世界经验的电子游戏已经足够复杂，可以训练成年人，例如学习驾驶飞机。通过模拟父母在亲子喂养互动中的经验，电子游戏可以提供一种干预方式来训练父母权威的FaV养育方式。我们需要一个影响父母决定实施权威的FaV养育方式的因素模型来指导这类电子游戏的开发并对其进行评估。目标导向行为模型为理解偏好型父母提供了一个高度预测性的模型。因此，我们建议开发和测试目标导向的权威FaV育儿实践模型，其中3-5岁的父母来自休斯顿的主要族裔群体；并将其用于开发和试点FaV育儿视频游戏的测试环节。更好的食物养育实践应该会导致孩子们更多地食用最喜欢的食物，从而降低肥胖和肥胖的风险。公共健康相关性：儿童肥胖是一个日益严重的全国性问题，而肥胖预防项目通常没有多大效果。由于父母控制着幼儿家中的食物环境，并且食物养育实践与儿童的饮食摄入和肥胖有关，因此增加父母使用更有效的食物养育技术的干预应该改变儿童的饮食摄入并降低他们的肥胖风险。我们建议建立一个影响食物养育实践的模型，以帮助指导干预措施的设计，并开发一种创新的形式，一种休闲电子游戏，以促进改变。更好的食物养育实践应该会导致孩子们更多地食用最喜欢的食物，从而降低肥胖和肥胖的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Childhood obesity is at epidemic proportions and continuing to increase in the US. Overweight children are at higher risk of becoming overweight adults. Both overweight children and adults are at risk of developing serious health problems. Since obesity treatment programs have had only limited success, obesity prevention programs that teach children healthy eating habits appear to offer a way for them to grow into their weight or not gain further weight. Most of the existing obesity prevention programs for children have been school based, and generally not worked or had minimal effects. Obesity prevention activities should occur early in life while the behaviors are still malleable and before the major increases in risk to become an obese adult. Fruit and vegetable (FaV) consumption has been associated with lower caloric intake, lower fat intake and lower BMI. Food parenting practices have been demonstrated to influence children's FaV intake. Authoritative parenting practices in particular have been demonstrated to increase children's FaV intake and decrease obesity. Interventions to enhance Authoritative FaV parenting practices should increase children's FaV intake and lower weight gain. Videogames are a very popular and engaging medium. Our recent review showed positive health related effects in 26 out of 27 evaluations. Videogames using simulated real world experiences have been sophisticated enough to train adults, e.g. in learning to fly airplanes. By simulating the parent's experience in parent-child feeding interactions, videogames can provide an intervention modality to train parents in authoritative FaV parenting. A model of factors influencing a parent's decision to implement authoritative FaV parenting practices is needed to guide the development of such a videogame and to evaluate it. The Model of Goal Directed Behavior offers a highly predictive model for understanding FaV parenting. As a result we propose to develop and test measures for a Model of Goal Directed Authoritative FaV Parenting Practices with parents of 3-5 year olds from the dominant ethnic groups in Houston; and to use it to develop and pilot test sessions of a FaV Parenting videogame. Better food parenting practices should lead to higher children's FaV consumption, and thereby lower adiposity and lower risk of obesity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Childhood obesity is a growing national problem, while obesity prevention programs have generally not had much effect. Since parents control the food environment at home for young children, and food parenting practices have been related to child dietary intake and obesity, an intervention increasing parents use of more effective food parenting techniques should change children's dietary intake and lower their obesity risk. We propose to develop a model of influences on food parenting practices to help guide the design of an intervention, and to develop an innovative format, a casual videogame, to promoting change. Better food parenting practices should lead to higher children's FaV consumption, and thereby lower adiposity and lower risk of obesity.