Sensory Mechanisms of Voice Control

语音控制的感觉机制

• 批准号: 7850284
• 负责人: CHARLES R LARSON
• 金额: $ 25.95万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-17 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7850284
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Autistic Disorder; Blood flow; Brain; Child; Communication; Communication Disability; Data; Disease; Epilepsy; Feedback; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Image; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Magnetism; Modeling; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Parkinson Disease; Patients; Play; Process; Reflex action; Research; Research Project Grants; Role; Solid; Surface; Techniques; Therapeutic procedure; Voice; Voice Disorders; auditory feedback; base; career; electrical potential; improved; mind control; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; novel diagnostics; prevent; public health relevance; response; sensory feedback; sensory mechanism; tomography

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Voice disorders are among the most prevalent disorders affecting people with communication disabilities. People afflicted with these disorders have difficulty communication with others, the disorders may adversely affect their careers, and the people often become socially isolated. There is little we can do to prevent these disorders without a solid understanding of their cause. Part of the reason for this lack of understanding is because of the lack of basic knowledge of normal voice control mechanisms. Recent research has shown that sensory feedback plays an important role in voice control. The overall goal of this research project is to understand the neural mechanisms involved in voice control. We have learned over the past several years that as people are vocalizing or speaking, that experimental manipulation of their voice auditory feedback causes a reflexive change in their voice fundamental frequency (F0) or amplitude. We have also learned that people with Parkinson's disease or children with autism have unusually large responses to these manipulations. These observations indicate that neural mechanisms involved in generating responses to perturbations in voice auditory feedback are abnormal in some neurological disorders. For this reason it is necessary to learn how the brain controls the responses to perturbations in voice feedback. In the proposed studies, we will record electrical potentials from the brain surface in patients being treated with epilepsy. We will also obtain images of the blood flow changes in subjects as they respond to perturbations in voice auditory feedback (fMRI). We will then magnetically stimulate those areas of the brain shown to be active in this process, which will temporarily change neural functioning in those areas known to be active during the reflexes. We will develop a model, based on the responses to magnetic stimulation, of the connections within the brain that are involved in the reflexive responses. These data will allow us to develop more specific hypotheses on how each of several areas of the brain are involved in the responses to perturbations in voice auditory feedback. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research project will improve our understanding of brain mechanisms involved in voice control. This understanding will lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for patients suffering from voice disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）： 声音障碍是影响沟通障碍人士的最常见疾病之一。患有这些疾病的人与他人沟通有困难，这些疾病可能会对他们的职业生涯产生不利影响，并且人们常常变得社会孤立。如果不充分了解这些疾病的病因，我们就无能为力。造成这种缺乏理解的部分原因是缺乏正常语音控制机制的基础知识。最近的研究表明，感觉反馈在语音控制中发挥着重要作用。该研究项目的总体目标是了解语音控制中涉及的神经机制。在过去的几年中，我们了解到，当人们发声或说话时，对其语音听觉反馈的实验性操作会导致其语音基频 (F0) 或振幅发生反射性变化。我们还了解到，帕金森病患者或自闭症儿童对这些操作的反应异常强烈。这些观察结果表明，在某些神经系统疾病中，涉及对语音听觉反馈扰动产生反应的神经机制是异常的。因此，有必要了解大脑如何控制对语音反馈扰动的反应。在拟议的研究中，我们将记录正在接受癫痫治疗的患者大脑表面的电位。我们还将获得受试者对语音听觉反馈（fMRI）扰动做出反应时血流变化的图像。然后，我们将磁力刺激在此过程中表现活跃的大脑区域，这将暂时改变已知在反射过程中活跃的那些区域的神经功能。我们将基于对磁刺激的反应开发一个模型，该模型涉及大脑内参与反射反应的连接。这些数据将使我们能够就大脑的每个区域如何参与对语音听觉反馈扰动的反应提出更具体的假设。公共健康相关性：该研究项目将提高我们对涉及语音控制的大脑机制的理解。这种理解将为患有嗓音障碍的患者带来新的诊断和治疗方法。