Neural mechanisms of Contexual Predictions in Visual Cognition and Action

视觉认知和行动中情境预测的神经机制

• 批准号: 7918196
• 负责人: KESTUTIS KVERAGA
• 金额: $ 18.13万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-19 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7918196
• 关键词: Address; Affective; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Anxiety Disorders; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Award; Behavioral Mechanisms; Brain; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Data Analyses; Environment; Foundations; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Image; Laboratories; Left; Link; Manuals; Medial; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Neurosciences; Parietal; Participant; Partner in relationship; Patients; Perception; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Primates; Process; Psyche structure; Psychophysics; Research; Research Personnel; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Solid; Stimulus; Structure; System; Training; Translational Research; Vision; Visual; Visual Pathways; Visual system structure; affective neuroscience; gaze; insight; knowledge base; magnocellular; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; novel; object recognition; parvocellular; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; skills; visual cognition; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The human brain uses contextual and affective information to facilitate visual recognition and action, but little is known about the neural mechanisms mediating this facilitation. We have hypothesized that contextual and affective facilitation processes have evolved from a primitive system for identifying threats in the environment and therefore should be tightly linked with threat identification and action preparation processes. These fundamental questions have not been studied in a unified framework before and have important implications for both basic neuroscience, and for many mental and neurological disorders, including anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and autism. Here we propose to examine how contextual and affective predictions can facilitate visual recognition and action preparation with a combined approach of psychophysics, fMRI and MEG/EEG. The proposed research, in addition to addressing these novel questions, will allow the candidate to obtain intensive training in MEG/EEG and to develop conceptual and theoretical understanding in new cognitive and affective neuroscience domains of contextual and affective processing. The new skills in contextual and affective processing, MEG/EEG, and functional connectivity analyses, in conjunction with the candidate's existing strengths in fMRI and object recognition, will help to optimally prepare the candidate for starting a fully independent research program at the completion of this award. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research program focuses on contextual and affective processes in visual cognition and action. For this reason, this research has the potential to provide insights into the neural and behavioral mechanisms that are malfunctioning in many mental and neurological disorders. Contextual association processes are thought to be impaired in depression and autistic patients. The implications of the proposed studies for mental health are particularly significant because affective processing abnormalities are observed in virtually all mental, and many neurological disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类大脑使用情境和情感信息来促进视觉识别和行动，但人们对介导这种促进的神经机制知之甚少。 我们假设情境和情感促进过程是从识别环境中威胁的原始系统演变而来的，因此应该与威胁识别和行动准备过程紧密联系在一起。 这些基本问题以前尚未在统一的框架中进行过研究，并且对基础神经科学以及许多精神和神经疾病（包括焦虑症、精神分裂症、抑郁症和自闭症）具有重要意义。 在这里，我们建议结合心理物理学、功能磁共振成像和脑磁图/脑电图的方法，研究情境和情感预测如何促进视觉识别和行动准备。 拟议的研究除了解决这些新问题之外，还将允许候选人获得脑电图/脑电图的强化培训，并在情境和情感处理的新认知和情感神经科学领域发展概念和理论理解。 情境和情感处理、MEG/EEG 和功能连接分析方面的新技能，与候选人在功能磁共振成像和物体识别方面的现有优势相结合，将有助于候选人在完成该奖项后为开始完全独立的研究项目做好最佳准备。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究计划重点关注视觉认知和行动中的情境和情感过程。 因此，这项研究有可能深入了解许多精神和神经疾病中出现故障的神经和行为机制。 人们认为抑郁症和自闭症患者的情境关联过程受到损害。 拟议的研究对心理健康的影响特别重要，因为几乎所有精神疾病和许多神经系统疾病中都观察到情感处理异常。