Adaptive evolution of pathogenesis towards symbiosis

发病机制向共生的适应性进化

• 批准号: 7926697
• 负责人: Serap AKSOY
• 金额: $ 16.03万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7926697
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Animals; Architecture; Bacteria; Biological; Biology; Biota; Cells; Characteristics; Communication; Comparative Study; Complex; Data; Development; Disease; Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution; Ensure; Enterobacteriaceae; Environment; Evolution; Fertility; Flagella; Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Transcription; Genome; Genomics; Gland; Glass; Growth; Hand; Human; Hybridization Array; Immune response; Impairment; Individual; Infection; Insecta; Integration Host Factors; Invaded; Laboratories; Larva; Life; Longevity; Membrane; Microbe; Microscopy; Milk; Molecular; Molecular Profiling; Nature; Nutritional; Open Reading Frames; Organism; Parasites; Participant; Pathogenesis; Pathway interactions; Physiological; Play; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Population; Population Sizes; Printing; Process; Proteins; Proteobacteria; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Route; Sahara; Sampling; Shapes; Slide; Spatial Distribution; Staging; Sterility; Structure; Study models; Symbiosis; System; Taxon; Techniques; Time; Trypanosoma; Tsetse Flies; Type III Secretion System Pathway; Wigglesworthia; Wolbachia; aging nutrition; attenuation; base; cell motility; comparative; cost; fitness; fly; functional genomics; genetic analysis; injured; insight; interest; member; microbial; microbial genome; microorganism; mutualism; parasitism; pathogen; pathogenic bacteria; sex; trait; transmission process; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): Symbiotic microbial relations are extremely pervasive, with examples being found among all levels of the earth's biota. These associations vary with regard to their interactive nature, and are characterized by the benefit (or detriment) imparted to the participants. Beneficial/neutral symbiotic associations are believed to have evolved from free living or parasitic ancestors. Closely related members of taxa can represent all trophic levels: from free-living to parasitic to mutualistic. Analysis of the genetic differences/similarities between these organisms, in reference to their symbiotic status, can provide important insight into the fundamental biological principles involved in shaping these particular relationships. Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of African trypanosomes, (Trypanosoma spp.), eukaryotic parasites that cause devastating diseases in humans and animals in Sub Saharan Africa. Since tsetse harbors three bacterial symbionts in addition to the protozoan trypanosomes, they provide an ideal model for studying symbiotic associations and interactions. Two of these bacterial symbionts (genus Wigglesworthia and genus Sodalis) are of particular research interest since they are closely related to important free-living and pathogenic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae. The genomes of Wigglesworthia, Sodalis and Trypanosoma spp. have been sequenced, which will facilitate in observing symbiosis at the genetic and functional level. Information on the interaction of tsetse symbionts with each other, with trypanosomes and with the host can be applied to other symbiotic systems (i.e., host-pathogen interactions). This study focuses on the genomic and functional biology of symbiosis in tsetse, in an attempt to understand how host factors/environment influence the architecture of microbial genomes during the evolutionary transition from free-living to symbiotic. This will be accomplished by examining functional biology of symbionts (by gene expression profiling) under different host nutritional states, developmental stages and varied parasite infection status. The role of functions typically associated with pathogenic microorganisms will be pursued in these beneficial microbes.

描述(由申请人提供)：共生微生物关系非常普遍，在地球生物群的所有级别中都可以找到例子。这些协会的互动性质各不相同，其特点是给予参与者的好处(或坏处)。有益/中性的共生关系被认为是从自由生活或寄生的祖先进化而来的。与之密切相关的类群成员可以代表所有 营养级别：从自由生活到寄生再到互惠共生。参照它们的共生状态，分析这些生物体之间的遗传差异/相似之处，可以提供对形成这些特殊关系所涉及的基本生物学原理的重要洞察。 采采蝇是非洲锥虫(Trypanosoma spp.)的唯一媒介，非洲锥虫是真核寄生虫，在撒哈拉以南非洲会给人和动物带来毁灭性的疾病。由于采采集除了原生动物锥虫外还含有三种细菌共生体，它们为研究共生关系和相互作用提供了理想的模型。其中两个细菌共生体(Wigglesworth属和Sodalis属)与肠杆菌科重要的自由生活和致病细菌密切相关，因此具有特别的研究价值。威格尔斯沃斯属、苏丹斯属和锥虫属基因组。已经进行了测序，这将有助于在遗传和功能水平上观察共生。采采子共生体之间相互作用、与锥体相互作用以及与宿主相互作用的信息可应用于其他共生系统(即宿主-病原体相互作用)。本研究以采采族植物共生的基因组和功能生物学为研究对象，试图了解在从自由生活向共生的进化过程中，寄主因子/环境是如何影响微生物基因组结构的。这将通过检测不同寄主营养状态、发育阶段和不同寄生虫感染状态下共生菌的功能生物学(通过基因表达谱)来实现。将在这些有益的微生物中研究典型的与病原微生物相关的功能的作用。

项目成果

Wolbachia symbiont infections induce strong cytoplasmic incompatibility in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002415
• 发表时间: 2011-12
• 期刊: PLoS pathogens
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Alam U;Medlock J;Brelsfoard C;Pais R;Lohs C;Balmand S;Carnogursky J;Heddi A;Takac P;Galvani A;Aksoy S
• 通讯作者: Aksoy S