Prevalance of Community-Acquired MRSA in Live Pigs and thier Human Handlers

社区获得性 MRSA 在生猪及其人类饲养员中的流行情况

• 批准号: 7678807
• 负责人: Lynda Uju Odofin
• 金额: $ 4.39万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7678807
• 关键词: Address; Bacteria; Canada; Communities; Community Hospitals; Complement; Country; Data; Data Sources; Economics; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Europe; Family suidae; Farming environment; Future; Genetic; Health Professional; Human; Infection; Infectious Disease Epidemiology; Intervention; Laboratories; Life; Link; Livestock; Maryland; Meat; Microbiology; Modeling; Nebraska; New England; Nose; Occupational Exposure; Pennsylvania; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Public Health; Questionnaires; Reporting; Research; Rest; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sampling; Scheme; Screening procedure; Societies; Source; Staphylococcus aureus; Swab; System; Testing; United States; Work; Wyoming; Zoonoses; burden of illness; career; cost; economic evaluation; experience; farmer; insight; mathematical model; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; prevent; programs; public health relevance; tool; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is now growing evidence that livestock may be involved in spread of community-associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA); recent studies from Europe and Canada report a new strain (ST 398) that maybe associated with pig farming. This study seeks to identify and characterize MRSA from pigs on farms and in feedlots in the United States and from their human handlers. Lt will determine if a strain of swine origin exists, and also explore the necessity and feasibility of implementing a nation-wide farm screening scheme as a surveillance tool not only for MRSA but for other emerging zoonoses, which would serve as a complement to existing surveillance systems. The study will test the following two null hypotheses: (1) there is no association between MRSA carriage in pigs and farmers, in terms of prevalence rate and strain; (2) genetic difference do not exist in MRSA strains found in pig farmers compared to the strains circulating in the US. These will be tested by the following specific aims: Aim 1a: characterize MRSA strains in pigs, compare these to strains isolated from humans living or working on pig farms and feedlots located in southern New England (CT, MA, Rl,), Maryland, Pennsylvania and eastern Wyoming/western Nebraska. These data will help determine the baseline prevalence of MRSA on pig farms and feedlots and identify emerging strains of swine origin. To achieve this, nasal swabs will be taken from both pigs and their human handlers, and specific laboratory analysis will be done to identify MRSA. Aim 1b: determine risk factors for MRSA infection in pig handlers. This will be achieved by administrating a questionnaire to the humans to identify possible risk factors associated with MRSA colonization. If such risk factors exist, this study will provide data to develop systems to test for and eventually prevent transmission of MRSA from pigs to humans, thereby reducing the spread of an emerging strain within the human population. Aim 2: compare the MRSA strains identified in Aim 1 to existing strains circulating in the US. Data on strains isolated from human MRSA cases obtained through Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) by CDC's' Emerging Infections Program will be compared to the strains obtained in this study. This will be able to address the burden and scope of the emerging strains if they exist. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: As the epidemiology of MRSA changes, accurate information on its scope and magnitude of the burden is needed to enable public health professionals to set priorities for prevention and control especially with regards to occupational exposure. Also it will reveal the public health implications of MRSA in pigs since pig farmers or handlers maybe a source of infection for the rest of the community they reside in.

描述(由申请人提供)：现在有越来越多的证据表明，牲畜可能与社区相关的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(CA-MRSA)的传播有关；来自欧洲和加拿大的最近研究报告了一种可能与养猪业有关的新菌株(ST 398)。这项研究试图从美国农场和饲养场的猪以及它们的人类饲养员那里鉴定和表征MRSA。它将确定是否存在猪源菌株，并探索实施全国农场筛查计划的必要性和可行性，不仅作为MRSA的监测工具，也作为其他新出现的人畜共患病的监测工具，作为现有监测系统的补充。这项研究将检验以下两个无效假设：(1)就流行率和菌株而言，猪和养殖户携带MRSA之间没有关联；(2)养猪户发现的MRSA菌株与美国流行的菌株相比，不存在遗传差异。这些将通过以下具体目标进行测试：目标1a：确定猪中MRSA菌株的特征，将这些菌株与从生活或工作在新英格兰南部(CT、MA、RL)、马里兰州、宾夕法尼亚州和怀俄明州东部/内布拉斯加州西部的养猪场和饲养场的人类分离的菌株进行比较。这些数据将有助于确定养猪场和饲养场MRSA的基线流行率，并确定新出现的猪源菌株。为了实现这一点，将从猪和它们的人类饲养员身上提取鼻拭子，并将进行特定的实验室分析以确定MRSA。目的1b：确定养猪户感染MRSA的危险因素。这将通过向人类管理一份问卷来实现，以确定与MRSA定植有关的可能风险因素。如果存在这样的风险因素，这项研究将提供数据，以开发系统来测试并最终防止MRSA从猪到人的传播，从而减少新出现的毒株在人类群体中的传播。目的2：将目标1中鉴定的MRSA菌株与美国现有的流行菌株进行比较。CDC的新兴感染计划通过主动细菌核心监测(ABCS)从人类MRSA病例中分离出的菌株的数据将与本研究中获得的菌株进行比较。这将能够解决新出现的菌株的负担和范围，如果它们存在的话。公共卫生相关性：随着耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌流行病学的变化，需要关于其范围和负担程度的准确信息，以使公共卫生专业人员能够确定预防和控制的优先事项，特别是在职业暴露方面。此外，它还将揭示MRSA对猪的公共卫生影响，因为养猪户或饲养员可能是他们居住的社区其余部分的感染源。