Exploratory Innovations in Electrical Impedance Tomography

电阻抗断层扫描的探索性创新

• 批准号: 7798453
• 负责人: Jennifer Lynn Mueller
• 金额: $ 19.24万
• 依托单位: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7798453
• 关键词: Address; Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Adverse effects; Air; Air Sacs; Algorithms; Alveolar; Alveolus; Atelectasis; Biocompatible Materials; Blood; Body Surface; Cells; Clinical; Data; Death Rate; Devices; Diagnosis; Electrodes; Emerging Technologies; Epithelial Cells; Family suidae; Frequencies; Functional Imaging; Goals; Image; Imaging Techniques; Intensive Care Units; Lead; Life; Liquid substance; Lung; Lung Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mechanical ventilation; Modeling; Monitor; Oxygen; Pathology; Patient Monitoring; Patients; Phase; Pleural; Pleural effusion disorder; Pneumonia; Pneumothorax; Procedures; Property; Public Health; Relative (related person); Resolution; Respiratory physiology; Simulate; Solutions; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Tube; Ventilator; clinically relevant; design; effusion; electric impedance; endotracheal; heart imaging; improved; innovation; interest; lung injury; prevent; prototype; public health relevance; reconstruction; tomography; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is relatively new functional imaging technique in which electrodes are placed on the surface of the body, and low amplitude, low frequency current is applied on the electrodes. This results in a voltage distribution on the electrodes which can then be measured. From these voltages, an image is formed that reflects the conductivity and/or permittivity distribution within the region of interest. Since EIT is a safe and portable technology with no damaging side effects, it is particularly suitable for long-term patient monitoring. This project is part of a long term goal to develop a substantially improved EIT system for imaging heart and lung function in real-time and diagnosing lung pathologies and monitoring their respective treatments. This proposal focuses on the exploration of innovations in the reconstruction algorithm and hardware design, and a study of the clinical usefulness of the reconstructions. A fully nonlinear algorithm for reconstructing conductivity and permittivity in a cross-sectional region will be developed and implemented. Currently, no direct nonlinear algorithms have been implemented for the reconstruction of permittivity data for EIT. The images may provide pivotal information for the diagnosis of pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and atelectasis. To date there are very few EIT devices in the commercial prototype state, and none that acquire the data needed for the innovations proposed here. Thus, an EIT system will be designed and built that acquires single-ended and phasic voltage data on both current-carrying and noncurrent-carrying electrodes. The algorithms will be tested on simulated and experimental data, including data from an experimental lung injury model in pigs that will be used to assess the applicability in a clinical setting. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Improving EIT technology can benefit the public health by expediting the diagnosis of certain lung pathologies, and by providing a bedside monitoring and diagnosis technique for patients in the intensive care unit with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening condition with a death rate of 20 to 30 % in which inflammation of lungs and fluid in the air sacs (alveoli) lead to low blood oxygen levels. Side effects of the treatment for patients with ARDS, which is mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube, include ventilator-induced pneumonia and lung damage, both of which can be prevented provided the proper ventilator settings are applied. Studies indicate that EIT may be useful for determining the optimal ventilator settings, monitoring reinflation procedures, determining information about alveolar collapse, and diagnosis of pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and atelectasis.

描述（由申请人提供）：电阻抗断层扫描（EIT）是一种相对较新的功能成像技术，其中电极放置在身体表面，并在电极上施加低振幅、低频电流。这导致电极上的电压分布，然后可以测量该电压分布。根据这些电压，形成反映感兴趣区域内的电导率和/或介电常数分布的图像。由于EIT是一种安全、便携的技术，没有破坏性的副作用，因此特别适合长期患者监测。该项目是长期目标的一部分，即开发一种大幅改进的EIT系统，用于实时成像心脏和肺功能，诊断肺部病变并监测其各自的治疗。 该提案的重点是探索重建算法和硬件设计的创新，以及重建的临床实用性的研究。一个完全非线性的算法重建的电导率和介电常数的横截面区域将开发和实施。目前，没有直接的非线性算法已经实现了EIT的介电常数数据的重建。这些影像可提供胸腔积液、气胸及肺不张的关键诊断资讯。到目前为止，处于商业原型状态的EIT设备很少，并且没有一个获得这里提出的创新所需的数据。因此，将设计和构建EIT系统，其在载流和非载流电极上采集单端和相位电压数据。这些算法将在模拟和实验数据上进行测试，包括来自猪实验性肺损伤模型的数据，这些数据将用于评估在临床环境中的适用性。 公共卫生相关性：改善EIT技术可以通过加速某些肺部病变的诊断，以及通过为重症监护室中患有急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的患者提供床边监测和诊断技术来有益于公众健康，急性呼吸窘迫综合征是一种危及生命的疾病，死亡率为20%至30%，其中肺部炎症和气囊（肺泡）中的液体导致低血氧水平。通过气管插管进行机械通气的ARDS患者治疗的副作用包括呼吸机引起的肺炎和肺损伤，只要采用适当的呼吸机设置，这两种情况都可以预防。研究表明，EIT可能有助于确定最佳呼吸机设置，监测再充气过程，确定肺泡萎陷的信息，以及胸腔积液，气胸和肺不张的诊断。