Determinants of Word Recognition Speed in Older Listeners

老年听众单词识别速度的决定因素

• 批准号: 8004041
• 负责人: FREDERICK J. GALLUN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: PORTLAND VA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8004041
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Action Potentials; Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Audiometry; Auditory; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Behavioral; Brain Stem; Clinical; Cochlear nucleus; Cognitive; Complement; Data; Development; Discrimination; Elderly; Environment; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Inferior Colliculus; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Lesion; Linear Models; Masks; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Neurons; Noise; Participant; Patients; Performance; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Process; Process Measure; Property; Psychophysiology; Reading; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Signal Transduction; Site; Speech; Speed; Staging; Statistical Models; Stimulus; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Variant; Veterans; Work; abstracting; age effect; age related; base; behavior test; design; hearing impairment; improved; otoacoustic emission; processing speed; relating to nervous system; remediation; research study; response; speech recognition; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary/Abstract A hallmark of aging is difficulty understanding speech spoken rapidly or in noisy or reverberant conditions. This problem is common even among older adults who do not have hearing loss. However, it is aggravated by hearing impairment, and among those so impaired, is not corrected through hearing aid use. In a 2001 survey of 25 million Veterans, 46% (11.5 million) were over age 55. Of those over 55, 55% (6.3 million) reported a hearing condition that required a hearing aid. The VA spent $288 million on rehabilitation for hearing loss in 2006. Even though many Veterans are older and have hearing loss, and the VA spends millions of dollars on the problem of hearing impairment, progress is slow to lessen the impact of aging on hearing. One reason for this may be that aging is known to impair temporal processing, an ability thought to influence the understanding of rapid, noisy, or reverberant speech. Yet current therapeutic strategies including hearing aids do not address temporal processing impairments. The goal of this research is to better understand the psychophysical and physiological processes that limit speech understanding in the elderly. Objectives are to: Determine the extent to which (1) aging slows word recognition speed in noise; (2) those measures of temporal processing impacted by aging are associated with word recognition speed; (3) neural processing of brief stimuli can predict behavioral sensitivity to the temporal properties of those same brief stimuli. Ultimately, we plan to use mechanistic and site of lesion evidence arising from this research to develop audiometric tests and therapies to address the auditory rehabilitation needs of individual Veteran patients. Experiments are designed to examine relationships between perceptual and physiological measures of temporal processing and the processing time needed by older adults to accurately, confidently recognize speech. Subjects' performance will be evaluated for a time-gated word recognition task, in which recognition is measured in noise as a function of the portion of the word presented. Performance on this task is thought to be related to the real time perceptual encoding of words. Discrimination of silent intervals and envelope modulation will be used to obtain information about temporal fine structure and envelope processing because it is not yet clear which of these abilities would be most important for rapid recognition of words. Compound action potentials (CAPs) and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) recorded in forward and simultaneous masking paradigms will be used to determine the levels of early neural processing that contribute to temporal processing abilities. Mixed-effects general linear modeling will be used to relate psychophysical and physiological temporal processing to word recognition speed. An otoacoustic emission (OAE) based estimate of cochlear function and a reading based estimate of cognitive processing speed will be covariates in the model. Participants will be younger and older adults with a range of hearing thresholds. We hypothesize that temporal fine structure processing and temporal responsiveness measured at the level of the brainstem will be strong predictors of the speed with which older adults recognize words. Associations with auditory nerve function are also expected, as opposed to higher level cognitive impairments of temporal processing. Results of the proposed work will lead to approaches to clinically distinguish among functional and structural stages at which temporal processing can be impaired, which would require substantially different remediation strategies. Results will also allow us to test current theories of temporal processing. Veterans that have suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI) could also potentially benefit from this work because, similar to age-based declines in auditory function, TBI may cause auditory impairment greater than hearing would suggest because of impaired temporal processing. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Project Narrative. Difficulty understanding speech is a hallmark of aging. In a 2001 survey of 25 million Veterans, 46% (11.5 million) were over the age of 55. Of Veterans over age 55, 55% (6.3 million) reported a hearing condition that required a hearing aid. The VA spent $288 million on rehabilitation for hearing loss in 2006. Even though many older Veterans have hearing loss, and the VA spends millions of dollars on the problem of hearing impairment, progress is slow to improve the ability to perceive and understand speech in affected individuals. The reason for this may be that current therapeutic strategies including hearing aids do not address temporal processing impairments. Proposed research will advance understanding of temporal processing mechanisms impacted by age and/or hearing loss, their associated sites of lesion and relation to speech understanding ability. Results will lead to development of audiometric tests and individually targeted therapies that will benefit Veterans by improving their ability to perceive and understand speech.

描述（由申请人提供）： 项目摘要/摘要衰老的标志是很难理解迅速或嘈杂或混响条件的语音。即使在没有听力损失的老年人中，这个问题也很常见。但是，听力障碍会加剧它，而在如此受损害的障碍中，它不会通过助听器使用来纠正。在2001年对2500万退伍军人的调查中，有46％（1,150万）的年龄超过55岁。在55岁以上的55％（630万）中，有一个需要助听器的听力状况。弗吉尼亚州在2006年花费了2.88亿美元的康复康复康复。尽管许多退伍军人年龄较大并且有听力损失，而弗吉尼亚州的听力障碍问题花费了数百万美元，但进步速度却很慢，以减轻衰老对听力的影响。原因之一可能是众所周知，衰老会损害时间处理，这种被认为会影响对快速，嘈杂或回荡语音的理解的能力。然而，包括助听器在内的当前治疗策略并未解决时间处理障碍。 这项研究的目的是更好地了解限制老年人言语理解的心理物理和生理过程。目标是：确定（1）衰老在多大程度上减慢了噪声中的单词识别速度； （2）那些受衰老影响的时间处理的度量与单词识别速度有关； （3）短暂刺激的神经加工可以预测对那些短暂刺激的时间特性的行为敏感性。最终，我们计划使用这项研究引起的病变证据的机械和部位来开发听力测试和疗法，以满足个人退伍军人患者的听觉康复需求。 实验旨在检查时间处理的感知和生理度量与老年人所需的处理时间之间的关系，以准确，自信地识别语音。将对受试者的性能进行时间​​门控单词识别任务进行评估，其中在噪声中衡量识别是介绍单词部分的函数。该任务的性能被认为与单词的实时感知编码有关。对无声间隔和信封调制的歧视将用于获取有关时间精细结构和信封处理的信息，因为目前尚不清楚哪些能力对于快速识别单词最重要。在正向和同时掩盖范式中记录的复合动作电位（CAP）和听觉脑干响应（ABR）将用于确定有助于时间处理能力的早期神经处理水平。混合效应通用线性建模将用于将心理物理和生理时间处理与单词识别速度联系起来。基于耳声发射（OAE）的人工耳蜗功能和基于读数的认知处理速度估计值将是模型中的协变量。参与者将是年轻和老年人，具有一系列听力阈值。 我们假设在脑干水平上测得的时间精细结构处理和时间响应能力将是老年人识别单词的速度的有力预测指标。与听觉神经功能的关联还可以预计，而不是时间处理的更高水平的认知障碍。拟议的工作的结果将导致在临床上区分时间处理的功能和结构阶段的方法，在该功能和结构阶段可能会受到损害，这将需要实质上不同的补救策略。结果还将使我们能够测试当前的时间处理理论。遭受创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的退伍军人也可以从这项工作中受益，因为与基于年龄的听觉功能下降相似，TBI可能会导致听觉障碍，这可能是由于时间处理受损而表明的。 公共卫生相关性： 项目叙述。很难理解言语是老化的标志。在2001年对2500万退伍军人的调查中，有46％（1,150万）的年龄超过55岁。在55岁以上的退伍军人中，55％（630万）报告了需要助听器的听力状况。弗吉尼亚州在2006年花费了2.88亿美元的康复康复。尽管许多老年退伍军人有听力损失，而弗吉尼亚州的听力障碍问题花费了数百万美元，但进步速度却很慢，可以提高感知和理解受影响个人的言语的能力。这样做的原因可能是当前的治疗策略在内，包括助听器并不能解决时间处理障碍。拟议的研究将进一步了解受年龄和/或听力损失影响的时间处理机制，其相关的病变部位以及与语音理解能力的关系。结果将导致听力测试和单独靶向疗法的发展，这些疗法将通过提高其感知和理解语音的能力来使退伍军人受益。