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Development of Speech Perception and Brain Plasticity

言语感知和大脑可塑性的发展

基本信息

批准号：
8044743
负责人：
PATRICIA K KUHL
金额：
$ 52.64万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1999-06-01 至 2013-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8044743
关键词：
Acoustics Address Adult Age-Months Age-Years Audiotape Autistic Disorder Biology Birth Brain Characteristics Child Child Development Commit Computer Simulation Cues Data Development Developmental Disabilities Event-Related Potentials Evolution Exposure to Funding Future Hour Human Individual Infant Infant Development Intervention Studies Knowledge Laboratories Language Language Development Learning Life Linguistics Link Longevity Machine Learning Magnetoencephalography Measures Modeling Mothers Nature Neurobiology Neurosciences Newborn Infant Pattern Perception Phase Phonetics Play Positioning Attribute Process Property Psychological Theory Research Research Personnel Role Social Interaction Speech Speech Development Speech Perception Techniques Television Testing Time Work catalyst critical period design disability foreign language infancy language processing relating to nervous system skills speech processing theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Language is a hallmark of human beings. In the last 50 years, debates on language have given way to a new view of the process by which humans acquire language. One catalyst for theoretical change has been empirical studies on infants. In the last decade, researchers have not only charted when infants acquire knowledge about the properties of their native language, but how they do so, and this has caused a revision in linguistic and psychological theories. New research focuses on the phonetic units of speech, the consonants and vowels that form building blocks for words. Key advances from this laboratory are cross- language data showing that infants learn from exposure to language in the earliest periods of development and that this alters speech perception to assist language learning. Moreover, our studies show that early speech predicts later language, and that the clarity of mothers' infant-directed speech is linked to infants' speech perception abilities. Finally, brain measures on infants and adults listening to language suggest that, during early development, the infant brain "neurally commits" to the patterns of native language speech and that this both promotes future language learning as well as the decline in nonnative speech perception that occurs at the end of the first year of life. This work on early speech perception is impacting child development, neuroscience, neurobiology, and computational modeling. The early speech measures developed as a part of this project are being used in the study of developmental disabilities including autism, and may provide an early marker of the disability. The data prompted an extension of the Native Language Magnet model to incorporate neural commitment as the mechanism for developmental change. This theoretical position provides the background and framework for the studies in this proposal. Four converging lines of research are proposed to test the theory and further advance our knowledge of infant speech development: (a) speech perception development and its impact on language; (b) the brain correlates of early speech and language development, (c) the role of language input to children, and (d) brain plasticity and the "critical period" for language acquisition. The research will produce data that address theories of speech and language development and more general theories of the interface between biology and culture.

描述（由申请人提供）：语言是人类的标志。在过去的 50 年里，关于语言的争论已经让位于关于人类习得语言过程的新观点。理论变革的催化剂之一是对婴儿的实证研究。在过去的十年中，研究人员不仅记录了婴儿何时获得有关母语特性的知识，还记录了他们如何获取知识，这引起了语言和心理学理论的修订。新的研究重点关注语音的语音单位、构成单词的辅音和元音。该实验室的主要进展是跨语言数据，表明婴儿在发育的最早阶段通过接触语言来学习，这会改变言语感知以协助语言学习。此外，我们的研究表明，早期的言语预示着后来的语言，而母亲针对婴儿的言语的清晰度与婴儿的言语感知能力有关。最后，对婴儿和成人听语言的大脑测量表明，在早期发育过程中，婴儿大脑“神经上承诺”母语语音模式，这既促进了未来的语言学习，也促进了生命第一年末出现的非母语语音感知的下降。这项关于早期言语感知的工作正在影响儿童发展、神经科学、神经生物学和计算模型。作为该项目的一部分开发的早期言语测量正在用于研究包括自闭症在内的发育障碍，并可能提供障碍的早期标志。这些数据促使母语磁铁模型的扩展，将神经承诺纳入发展变化的机制。这一理论立场为本提案的研究提供了背景和框架。提出了四个融合的研究方向来检验该理论并进一步增进我们对婴儿言语发展的了解：（a）言语感知发展及其对语言的影响；（b）大脑与早期言语和语言发展相关，（c）语言输入对儿童的作用，以及（d）大脑可塑性和语言习得的“关键期”。该研究将产生涉及言语和语言发展理论以及生物学与文化之间界面的更一般理论的数据。