Improving Dissemination of a Retail Workplace Violence Prevention Program

描述（由申请人提供）：零售业的工人在工作场所杀人的风险最大，其中大多数是在抢劫期间犯下的。减少抢劫风险的循证方案在零售环境中取得了巨大成功。然而，关于如何传播这些计划以最大限度地提高吸收率的信息在很大程度上是不可用的，特别是对小企业来说。调查显示，大多数小企业自己很少或根本没有实施标准的循证计划建议，而是选择更昂贵和更低效的威慑方法。根据研究小组目前正在进行的研究，当提供一个更便宜的，以证据为基础的计划，许多企业经营者要么会拒绝参与或显示出对该计划的兴趣，不遵守建议。确定向小企业经营者传播循证计划信息的有效方法并将其转化为有效的计划实施至关重要。这一拟议的转化项目的目标是确定在小型零售企业中实施循证抢劫和暴力预防方案的障碍，并制定克服障碍和增加有效战略的方法。这将通过检查潜在影响的多个层面来实现，包括方案交付的方法;方案材料的特点;企业经营者对抢劫预防的态度和行为;以及社交网络在建立信任和参与方案的动机中的作用。具体目标是：（1）确定企业经营者对设计、提供和营销循证抢劫和暴力预防方案的偏好，（2）了解企业经营者如何确定他们不需要参与此类方案，以及（3）检查社交网络在影响企业经营者参与和实施证据-基于方案建议。拟议的项目建立在NIOSH资助的两项研究的基础上，全国六个警察部门正在向抢劫和相关犯罪风险高的小型零售机构传播一项循证方案。在拟议的研究中，将从六个部门管辖区中的三个选择三个业务经营者群体，代表方案参与和实施的各个阶段。企业经营者将使用一种从社会营销、健康行为和社会支持网络模型中开发出来的工具进行访谈。访谈的目的是确定影响企业经营者使用循证计划的因素，包括确定可能使计划具有可信度和可接受性的社交网络，从而提高计划的使用率。然后将召集这些社交网络的成员进行焦点小组访谈，以确定他们如何支持外联和征聘工作。将使用定性和定量方法来实现这些目标。 公共卫生相关性：减少抢劫风险的循证方案在零售环境中取得了巨大成功。然而，关于如何传播这些计划以最大限度地提高吸收率的信息在很大程度上是不可用的，特别是对小企业来说。拟议的项目是关键的下一步，以确定如何循证抢劫和暴力预防战略可以成功地传播到小企业，传统上有有限的或没有获得职业健康和安全计划。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Workers in the retail industry are at greatest risk for workplace homicide, the majority of which are committed during a robbery. Evidence-based programs to reduce robbery risk have shown great success in retail settings. However, information about how to disseminate these programs to maximize uptake is largely unavailable, especially for small businesses. Surveys have shown that most small businesses have implemented very few to none of the standard evidence-based program recommendations on their own, but will choose more expensive and less effective methods of deterrence. Based on research currently being conducted by the study team, when offered a less expensive, evidence-based program, many business operators will either decline participation or show interest in the program and not comply with the recommendations. It is critical to identify effective methods of disseminating evidence-based program information to small business operators and to translate it into effective program implementation. The objectives of this proposed translational project are to identify barriers to implementation of an evidence- based robbery and violence prevention program among small retail businesses, and to develop approaches to overcome barriers and increase uptake of effective strategies. This will be accomplished by examining multiple levels of potential influence, including methods of program delivery; characteristics of the program materials; business operator attitudes and behaviors toward robbery prevention; and the role of social networks in building trust and motivation for program participation. The specific aims are to: (1) identify business operator preferences for the design, delivery and marketing of an evidence-based robbery and violence prevention program, (2) understand how business operators determine that they do not need to participate in such a program, and (3) examine the extent to which social networks can play a supportive role in influencing the behavior of business operators to participate and implement an evidence-based program recommendations. The proposed project builds on two NIOSH-funded studies where six police departments nationwide are disseminating an evidence-based program to small retail establishments at high risk for robbery and related crimes. In the proposed study, three populations of business operators, representing various phases of program participation and implementation, will be selected from three of the six department jurisdictions. Business operators will be interviewed using an instrument developed from social marketing, health behavior and social support network models. The purpose of the interviews is to identify factors that would influence business operator use of an evidence-based program, including the identification of social networks that may lend credibility and acceptability of the program, and therefore greater program uptake. Members of these social networks will then be convened for focus group interviews to identify how they may support outreach and recruitment efforts. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to address the aims. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Evidence-based programs to reduce robbery risk have shown great success in retail settings. However, information about how to disseminate these programs to maximize uptake is largely unavailable, especially for small businesses. The proposed project is a critical next step to identify how evidence-based robbery and violence prevention strategies can be successfully disseminated to small businesses, which traditionally have limited or no access to occupational health and safety programs.