Rapid Pesticide Exposure Analysis Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

描述（由申请人提供）：化学物质、生物材料和微粒不断释放到大气和供水中。重大泄漏是明显的，并立即补救。目前尚不清楚的是，公众每天被淹没在多少ppm以下的污染物中，以及这些低水平的污染物如何随着时间的推移影响社区健康。NIEHS寻求建立大规模的长期生物监测项目，以准确地确定当前的污染问题，并开发模型来预测长期的健康影响。为了在这项工作中积累大量的数据，将开发可现场设备，以快速提供高精度的所需信息。每次测量的数据收集必须非常便宜，否则仅因成本问题就会失败。在这个项目中，我们正在开发一种廉价的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）阅读器来监测蒸汽和水相中的污染物。我们的初步演示是为了检测收获季节农场工人周围空气中的农药和农场工人住所表面上的农药，以及农场工人尿液样本中的农药代谢物。在I期项目中，我们成功地证明了气相中的农药可以在CDC相关浓度下检测到，农药代谢物可以在合成和真实尿液样本中以生物学相关浓度检测到。在二期项目中，将采用高分辨率自动SERS阅读器进行农药分析。SERS蒸气光谱和尿液分析将在2011年和2012年的收获季节收集。精度、准确性和成本效益都将得到证明。第二阶段的结果将允许SERS阅读器过渡到其他农药分析程序，以及进展到其他与NIEHS相关的生物监测程序。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Chemicals, biological materials and particulates are continuously released into the atmosphere and water supply. Major spills are obvious and are immediately remediated. What is unknown is how many sub ppm contaminations the public is inundated with on a daily basis and how these low level contaminations affect community health over time. The NIEHS seeks to establish large scale long-term biomonitoring programs to accurately determine current contamination issues and develop models to predict long term health implications. To amass the enormous amount of data in this undertaking, fieldable devices will be developed to rapidly provide the desired information with high levels of precision. The data collection has to be very inexpensive per measurement or the undertaking will fail from cost issues alone. In this program, we are developing an inexpensive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) reader to monitor contaminants in the vapor and aqueous phases. Our preliminary demonstration is for the detection of pesticides in the air surrounding farmworkers during harvesting seasons and on surfaces of farmworker dwellings, and of pesticide metabolites in farmworker urine samples. In the Phase I program, we successfully demonstrated that pesticides in the vapor phase could be detected at CDC relevant concentrations and that pesticide metabolites could be detected in synthetic and real urine samples at biologically relevant concentrations. In the Phase II program, a high resolution automated SERS reader will be taken into the field for pesticide analysis. SERS vapor spectra and urinalyses will be collected in the 2011 and 2012 harvesting seasons. Precision, accuracy and cost effectiveness will all be demonstrated. The Phase II results will allow the SERS reader to transition into other pesticide analysis programs as well as progress to other biomonitoring programs of relevance to the NIEHS. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will allow NIEHS and other monitoring agencies of public health to define long-term health effects of low pesticide levels on the population as a whole. The sensors developed will allow for a direct correlation between external pesticide concentrations a person is exposed to and the actual ingested concentration, measured as metabolites in urine. The sensor developed herein can be used for all pesticides/crops and can be modified to monitor other environmental contaminants as well.