Addressing High School Marijuana Use in Context of Increasing Social Acceptance

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年中使用避孕药与各种负面健康和心理社会后果相关。然而，围绕大麻使用的规范背景迅速变化，给预防工作带来了重大挑战。到目前为止，20个州和哥伦比亚特区已将医用大麻合法化，17个州将持有大麻合法化，两个州将娱乐用大麻合法化。鉴于大麻使用正常化的势头，需要采取新的方法对青年进行干预，以减少大麻使用和与大麻使用有关的风险。目的：这项可行性研究将制定一项干预措施，利用传统媒体和移动的技术相结合，通过增加对高风险使用的了解和关注，并提高对此类行为与个人自主权和代理权不一致的认识，减少高中生中的大麻使用。具体目标是：（1）调整以前测试过的大麻传播方法，使之适用于高中;（2）测试使用智能手机技术在行为决定时间附近传递适当信息的可行性;（3）对这种运动减少高中生使用大麻的流行率、数量和频率的潜力进行有效性测试，通过增加知识和关注高风险的使用，以及这种行为与个人自主性的不一致;（4）评估这些方法是否对酒精使用相关的结果有积极的影响。方法：我们将组织焦点小组，为干预措施制定信息和材料。在信息开发之后，我们将与Klein Paddel（KB）合作开发智能手机应用程序和短信平台，Klein Paddel是一家多媒体开发公司，专门从事公共卫生干预的移动的电话应用程序。该干预措施将在旧金山弗朗西斯科湾区的六所学校中采用交叉设计实施。加州健康儿童调查是一项全州范围的调查，允许自定义问题，将在研究的第1 - 3年在每所学校进行，并将用于评估干预的有效性。在学校实施干预措施后，将与学校行政人员进行面对面的访谈，以确定他们对干预措施的反应和经验。创新：这项可行性研究将探讨使用智能手机技术和短信作为一种方式，以扩大传统的学校为基础的媒体方法的有效性，并传播预防信息的时间和地点接近有关大麻使用的行为决定的青年。这种基于媒体的方法不需要课堂或教师的时间，使其在对学校学习成绩的要求日益提高和学校可用于预防的资源减少的时代得到广泛采用是可行的。如果成功，这项可行性研究将为更大规模的随机试验提供基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Marijuana use among adolescents is associated with a variety of negative health and psychosocial outcomes. The rapidly changing normative context surrounding marijuana use, however, raises significant challenges for prevention. To date, 20 states and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana for medical use, 17 states have decriminalized marijuana possession, and two states have legalized marijuana for recreational use. Given the momentum towards normalization of marijuana use, new approaches are needed to intervene with youth to reduce marijuana use and risks associated with marijuana use. Aims: This feasibility study will develop an intervention, using a combination of traditional media and mobile technologies to reduce marijuana use among high school students by increasing knowledge and concern regarding high-risk use and raising awareness of the inconsistency of such behaviors with personal autonomy and agency. Specific aims are (1) adapting previously-tested marijuana communication approaches for use in high schools; (2) testing feasibility of use of smartphone technology to deliver appropriate messages proximate to time of behavioral decision; (3) conducting an efficacy test regarding potential of such a campaign to reduce the prevalence of use and quantity and frequency of marijuana use among high school students, via increasing knowledge and concern regarding high-risk use, and the inconsistency of such behaviors with personal autonomy; (4) assessing whether these approaches have a positive effect on alcohol-use related outcomes. Approach: We will conduct focus groups to develop the messages and materials for the intervention. Following message development, we will work collaboratively with Klein Buendel (KB), a multi-media development firm that specializes in mobile phone applications for public health interventions, to develop a smartphone app and text messaging platform. The intervention will be implemented in a total of six schools in the San Francisco Bay Area using a cross-over design. The California Healthy Kids Survey, a state-wide survey that allows custom questions, will occur in each school in Years 1 - 3 of the study, and will be used to assess the efficacy of the intervention. Following the implementation of the intervention in the schools, face-to- face interviews with school administrators will be conducted to ascertain their reactions to and experiences with the intervention. Innovation: This feasibility study will explore the use of smartphone technology and text messaging as a way to extend the effectiveness of traditional school-based media approaches and disseminate prevention messages to youths at a time and place proximal to behavioral decision regarding marijuana use. This media- based approach does not require classroom or teacher time, making it viable for widespread adoption in an era of growing demands for school academic performance and decreased available school resources for prevention. If successful, this feasibility study will provide the basis for a larger randomized tral.