Sensory Feedback for upper limb neuroprosthetics

上肢神经假体的感觉反馈

• 批准号: 8671867
• 负责人: CHARLES E CONNOR
• 金额: $ 35.44万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-15 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8671867
• 关键词: Address; Afghanistan; Animal Behavior; Animals; Area; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Biomimetics; Cells; Charge; Chronic; Code; Complex; Cues; Cutaneous; Development; Digit structure; Discrimination; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Engineering; Feedback; Fingers; Frequencies; Goals; Hand; Human; Implant; Individual; Iraq; Life; Limb structure; Macaca mulatta; Mechanics; Methods; Microelectrodes; Modality; Motion; Movement; Neurons; Neurosciences; Organ; Pattern; Perception; Peripheral; Physiologic pulse; Play; Population; Process; Property; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Reporting; Residual state; Role; Sampling; Scanning; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Soldier; Somatosensory Cortex; Specificity; Stimulus; System; Tactile; Touch sensation; Training; Upper Extremity; Vision; Visual Cortex; War; arm; flexibility; motor control; neural circuit; nonhuman primate; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory cortex; sensory discrimination; sensory feedback; somatosensory; two-dimensional; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this application we investigate how to provide realistic sensory feedback to subjects with upper limb prosthetics. Thousands of soldiers are returning from the war in need of prosthetic limbs that not only can move but also allows them to seamlessly interact with objects. The optimal approach for providing feedback is to tap directly into the neural circuits that underlie tactile perception. Recent studies have shown that areas 3b, 1 and 2 of SI cortex play different roles in processing cutaneous information, with neurons in area 3b responsible for coding orientation, area 1 for motion and area 2 for curvature. In this application we will investigate how to provide sensory feedback by directly stimulation neurons in these cortical areas in animals trained to perform tactile match-to-sample discrimination tasks. There are two specific aims. The first is to investigate how to provide sensory feedback of intensity, orientation, motion and curvature on a single finger pad. After training non-human primates (macaca mulatta) to perform the feature discrimination task, a chronic recording array will be implanted into somatosensory cortex. The goal of the recordings is to simultaneously record from many neurons that are tuned to the feature being studied. The animal will then perform the task under three conditions. 1) Matching a mechanical stimulus with a mechanical stimulus (this is the condition that the animal was trained to perform) 2) Matching a mechanical stimulus with a mechanical and electrical stimulus and 3) Matching a mechanical stimulus with an electrical stimulus. The electrical stimuli will be given to populations of feature tuned cells with the aim of changing the population response of the neurons. This stimulus will be modified in several ways 1) change in current intensity, 2) change in frequency of pulses 3) change in statistical properties of the firing (i.e., biomimetic, uniform, Poisson) and change the degree of correlated firing between cells being modulated. We will develop method to systematically alter the animal's behavior and to determine whether we can produce a population response that mimics the response of the tactile stimulation. The second aim is to train animals to perform a tactile one-back task. This task will determine how to stimulate cortex so that the stimuli can be delivered with minimal spatial and temporal smearing of the electrical signals across fingers. The results from the two aims will provide and understanding of how to provide sensory feedback of complex features to the hand.

描述（由申请人提供）：在本申请中，我们研究如何为上肢假肢受试者提供逼真的感觉反馈。 成千上万的士兵从战争中返回，需要假肢，不仅可以移动，而且还可以让他们与物体无缝互动。 提供反馈的最佳方法是直接进入触觉感知的神经回路。 最近的研究表明，SI皮层的3b、1和2区在处理皮肤信息中起着不同的作用，3b区的神经元负责编码方向，1区负责运动，2区负责弯曲。 在这个应用程序中，我们将研究如何提供感官反馈，直接刺激神经元在这些皮质区的动物训练执行触觉匹配到样本的歧视任务。 有两个具体目标。 第一个是研究如何在单个指垫上提供强度、方向、运动和曲率的感觉反馈。 在训练非人类灵长类动物（猕猴）执行特征辨别任务后，将慢性记录阵列植入体感皮层。 记录的目标是同时记录许多神经元，这些神经元被调谐到正在研究的特征。 然后，动物将在三种条件下执行任务。 1)将机械刺激与机械刺激相匹配（这是动物被训练来执行的条件）2）将机械刺激与机械和电刺激相匹配以及3）将机械刺激与电刺激相匹配。 电刺激将被给予特征调谐细胞群 目的是改变神经元的群体反应。 该刺激将以几种方式进行修改：1）电流强度的变化，2）脉冲频率的变化，3）点火的统计特性的变化（即，仿生的、均匀的、泊松的）并且改变被调制的细胞之间的相关放电的程度。 我们将开发系统地改变动物行为的方法，并确定我们是否可以产生模仿触觉刺激反应的群体反应。 第二个目标是训练动物执行触觉单背任务。 这项任务将决定如何刺激皮层，使刺激可以 以手指上电信号的最小空间和时间拖尾来传递。 从这两个目标的结果将提供和理解如何提供复杂的功能的感觉反馈的手。