Self-Regulation and Sleep in Children At Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders

项目摘要 这项研究的首要目标是更好地了解自我调节的发展， 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的风险，并阐明纵向关联 自我调节和睡眠之间的关系。研究这些婴儿的兄弟姐妹是至关重要的， 自闭症儿童，因为他们不仅有患自闭症的风险，而且还有许多负面的发展， 结果包括语言，社会情感功能，注意力，行为和认知方面的困难。 以前对有ASD风险的婴儿兄弟姐妹的研究主要集中在三个核心缺陷领域， 沟通，社交和限制/重复行为，但最近的研究和初步数据表明， 这一群体的困难更广泛地延伸到自我监管的困难。具体来说，问题 注意力，行为和消极情绪控制出现升高的婴儿兄弟姐妹的儿童， 自闭症这些领域的困难与睡眠密切相关。有睡眠问题的孩子 注意力和行为控制困难，表现出更多的负面影响和情绪反应。 需要对ASD儿童的兄弟姐妹进行更多的研究，以阐明他们的不良发展 结果和拟议的研究旨在自我调节和睡眠领域内做到这一点。两 研究提出了检查自我调节和睡眠问题和动态发展 两组儿童之间的进展：ASD儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹（高风险）和 正常发育儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹（低风险）。第一个是一项横断面研究， 在24和36个月大的高危婴儿兄弟姐妹中自我调节和睡眠问题的比率。的 第二项是前瞻性纵向研究，评估18个月、24个月和30个月的儿童， 研究自我调节和睡眠之间的发展进程和关联。在每个 研究自我调节和睡眠将通过行为、生理和父母报告的测量进行评估。 这条研究路线的最终意义在于改善发展轨迹和家庭生活 通过提请注意往往未被考虑的发展领域：自我调节， 睡觉了解睡眠问题的发生率和睡眠在自我调节中的作用， 有可能为评估、治疗和育儿指南提供信息。 Schwichtenberg博士的教育和研究是拟议研究的理想候选人 自我调节和睡眠发展的经验。她受过生理学方面的专门训练 睡眠评估和两种行为自我调节模式。她对睡眠和自我的了解- 监管包括评估程序，编码，筛选和分析，她已经发表在 这两个领域。Schwichtenberg博士也有两项儿童前瞻性纵向研究的经验 在危险中发展，使她敏锐地意识到完成这样一项研究所需的真实的生活考虑。 通过本申请中提出的培训，她将获得最终的临床、方法学、统计学和 实验室管理技能需要从博士后学者过渡到一个独立的研究人员， 在儿童自我调节和睡眠的发展过程中的独特研究路线， 处于危险之中Schwichtenberg博士的职业目标是获得一个终身职位的部门， 心理学或人类发展在一所大学建立了发展障碍中心 并启动一个研究实验室，研究各种自我调节能力的幼儿和在 发展性残疾的风险。 Schwichtenberg博士的培训计划将在最重要的卓越中心之一进行， 发育障碍，加州大学戴维斯分校，M.I.N.D.研究所（医学调查） 神经发育障碍）。她的培训包括提高她的临床评估技能，学习 专业的非侵入性睡眠评估技术（视频睡眠图），确保高级统计 纵向数据分析培训，学习眼动追踪评估和编码方法，以及 完成实验室管理和领导的结构化培训。她的赞助人萨莉·奥佐诺夫博士 和托马斯安德斯博士是自闭症和睡眠领域的两位国际知名学者， 致力于她的训练和未来的成功。

Project Summary The overarching goals of this research are to better understand the development of self-regulation in young children at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and to elucidate the longitudinal associations between self-regulation and sleep in these children. It is critically important to study the infant siblings of children with ASD because they are at risk not only for ASD, but also for numerous negative developmental outcomes including difficulties in language, social-emotional functioning, attention, behavior and cognition. Previous studies of infant siblings at risk for ASD have focused mainly on the three core deficit areas of communication, social, and restricted/repetitive behavior, but recent research and preliminary data suggest that difficulties of this group extend more broadly to difficulties with self-regulation. Specifically, problems with attention, behavior and negative emotion control appear elevated in infant siblings of children with ASD. Difficulties in these areas are robustly associated with sleep. Children with sleep problems have more difficulties with attention and behavior control and exhibit more negative affect and emotional reactivity. Additional research on siblings of children with ASD is needed to elucidate their adverse developmental outcomes and the proposed studies aim to do this within the domains of self-regulation and sleep. Two studies are proposed to examine self-regulation and sleep problems and the dynamic developmental progression between them in two groups of children: infant siblings of children with ASD (high risk) and infant siblings of typically developing children (low risk). The first is a cross-sectional study examining the rates of self-regulation and sleep problems in high risk infant siblings at 24 and 36 months of age. The second is a prospective longitudinal study that assesses children at 18, 24, and 30 months of age to examine the developmental progression and associations between self-regulation and sleep. Within each study self-regulation and sleep will be assessed with behavioral, physiological, and parent-report measures. The ultimate significance of this line of research is to improve the developmental trajectories and family life of children at risk for ASD by drawing attention to often unconsidered areas of development: self-regulation and sleep. Understanding the rates of sleep problems and the roles of sleep in self-regulation has the potential to inform assessment, treatment and parenting guidelines. Dr. Schwichtenberg is an ideal candidate for the proposed studies with her educational and research experience in self-regulation and sleep development. She has specialized training in the physiological assessment of sleep and two behavioral self-regulation paradigms. Her knowledge of sleep and self- regulation includes assessment procedures, coding, screening, and analyzing and she has published in both areas. Dr. Schwichtenberg also has experience on two prospective longitudinal studies of children developing at risk, making her keenly aware of the real life considerations needed to complete such a study. With the training proposed in this application she will secure the final clinical, methodological, statistical, and lab management skills needed to transition from a postdoctoral scholar to an independent researcher with a unique line of research in the developmental processes of self-regulation and sleep in children developing at risk. Dr. Schwichtenberg's career goals are to obtain a tenure-track position in a department of Psychology or Human Development at a university with an established developmental disabilities center and to launch a research lab that studies a variety of self-regulatory capacities in young children with and at risk for developmental disabilities. Dr. Schwichtenberg's training plan will be carried out at one of the foremost centers for excellence in developmental disabilities, the University of California - Davis, M.I.N.D. Institute (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders). Her training includes advancing her skills in clinical assessment, learning a specialized non-invasive sleep assessment technique (videosomnography), securing advanced statistical training in longitudinal data analysis, learning eye-tracking assessment and coding methods, and completing structured training in laboratory management and leadership. Her sponsors Dr. Sally Ozonoff and Dr. Thomas Anders are two internationally recognized scholars in the areas of autism and sleep and are dedicated to her training and future success.