Covert Sensorimotor Mapping for Guiding Brain-Computer Interfaces

用于指导脑机接口的隐蔽感觉运动映射

• 批准号: 8781356
• 负责人: MICHAEL L. BONINGER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8781356
• 关键词: Afferent Pathways; Area; Auditory; Back; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain region; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Code; Cues; Cutaneous; Diagnosis; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Electrical Stimulation of the Brain; Electrodes; Epilepsy; Esthesia; Feedback; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hand; Imagery; Impairment; Implanted Electrodes; Injury; Intention; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Limb structure; Literature; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Participant; Pattern; Persons; Population; Procedures; Prosthesis; Protocols documentation; Publishing; Quadriplegia; Recruitment Activity; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Self-Help Devices; Sensory; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal cord injury; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translating; Upper Extremity; Upper limb movement; Veterans; Visual; arm; auditory feedback; base; brain computer interface; design; improved; insight; joint mobilization; limb movement; nervous system disorder; neurofeedback; neuroimaging; novel; public health relevance; rehabilitation paradigm; restoration; sensory stimulus; somatosensory

DESCRIPTION: Advanced understanding of brain structure and function has improved the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, and spinal cord injury (SCI). Over half a century ago, Penfield used electrical stimulation of motor and sensory areas of cerebral cortex and revealed a distinct somatotopic organization of the brain. Today, this and additional knowledge of neuronal coding functions are being used to develop brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that establish functional connections between cortical neurons and prosthetic and assistive devices. BCIs often use electrodes placed in brain areas responsible for volitional control and sensation of limb movements, particularly the arm and hand regions. Mapping brain regions is possible using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), although studies are difficult to perform in persons with motor and sensory impairments. People with SCI have disrupted efferent and afferent pathways between the cortex and the limbs making it necessary to rely on covert techniques, such as kinesthetic motor imagery, to map sensorimotor brain activity. Challenges associated with brain mapping likely contribute to the varying reports regarding the extent of functional reorganization occurring in the brain following SCI. The goal of the proposed research is to develop novel covert paradigms for mapping sensorimotor brain activity. Visual or auditory cueing has been shown to improve the timing and vividness of motor imagery. Therefore, we expect that increasing sensory enrichment will strengthen the activation observed in the sensorimotor cortex during covert motor and sensory tasks. We will test multiple levels of sensory enrichment with the goal of enhancing sensorimotor activation. The four conditions that will be tested are: (1) simple imagery of a single- joint movement or sensory stimulus, (2) goal-directed imagery, (2) goal-directed imagery with auditory enrichment, (3) goal-directed imagery with auditory and somatosensory enrichment. Functional MRI will be used to measure motor, cutaneous, and proprioceptive cortical representations using the covert mapping paradigms described above. Able-bodied subjects will be recruited to allow for comparison of imagery-based cortical activation patterns to that measured during overt movement and sensory stimulation. We will also recruit participants with tetraplegia due to SCI allowing for confirmation that the covert mapping paradigms translate to the clinical population. We will test whether covert movement and stimuli activate the sensorimotor cortex in the expected manner based on published literature and overt mapping in able-bodied subjects. Enriched covert brain mapping will allow for measurement of cortical reorganization when overt techniques cannot be used. Through this study, we will gain an understanding of how imagined movement, cutaneous stimulation, and passive movement produce similar (or different) activation of the motor and somatosensory cortex. In future studies, we plan to use covert mapping to guide BCI electrode design and placement. Moreover, these advanced mapping procedures will provide new insights into the functional interactions between sensory and motor areas of the brain in able-bodied persons, and the effects of SCI on these functions. Neurofeedback rehabilitation protocols could be designed to target abnormal cortical activity directly, or sensory enrichments could be incorporated into traditional rehabilitation paradigms to facilitate activation of dormant neural pathways.

产品说明： 对大脑结构和功能的深入了解改善了癫痫、中风和脊髓损伤（SCI）等神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗。半个多世纪前，Penfield使用电刺激大脑皮层的运动和感觉区域，揭示了大脑的独特躯体组织。今天，神经元编码功能的这一知识和其他知识正被用于开发脑机接口（BCI），建立皮层神经元与假肢和辅助设备之间的功能连接。脑机接口通常使用放置在负责意志控制和肢体运动感觉的大脑区域的电极，特别是手臂和手部区域。使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）可以绘制大脑区域，尽管在运动和感觉障碍的人中很难进行研究。SCI患者的皮层和四肢之间的传出和传入通路已经中断，因此有必要依赖于隐蔽技术，如动觉运动想象，来绘制感觉运动脑活动。与脑映射相关的挑战可能导致关于SCI后脑中发生的功能重组程度的不同报告。的目标 本研究的目的是开发一种新的内隐范式来映射感觉运动脑活动。视觉或听觉提示已被证明可以改善运动想象的时间和生动性。因此，我们预计，增加感觉丰富将加强在感觉运动皮层中观察到的激活在隐蔽运动和感觉任务。我们将测试多个层次的感官丰富，目的是增强感觉运动激活。将被测试的四个条件是：（1）单关节运动或感觉刺激的简单意象，（2）目标导向的意象，（2）具有听觉富集的目标导向的意象，（3）具有听觉和体感富集的目标导向的意象。功能性MRI将被用于测量运动，皮肤，和本体感受皮层代表使用上述的隐蔽映射范例。将招募身体健全的受试者，以比较基于图像的皮质激活模式与在明显运动和感觉刺激期间测量的模式。我们还将招募因SCI而四肢瘫痪的参与者，以确认隐蔽映射范式转化为临床人群。我们将测试是否隐蔽运动和刺激激活感觉运动皮层在预期的方式的基础上发表的文献和公开的映射在健全的主体。当不能使用明显的技术时，丰富的隐蔽脑映射将允许测量皮质重组。通过这项研究，我们将了解想象运动，皮肤刺激和被动运动如何产生相似（或不同）的运动和体感皮层激活。在未来的研究中，我们计划使用隐蔽映射来指导BCI电极的设计和放置。此外，这些先进的映射程序将提供新的见解之间的功能相互作用的感觉和运动区的大脑在健全的人，和SCI对这些功能的影响。神经反馈康复方案可以设计成直接针对异常皮层活动，或者感觉强化可以并入传统的康复范例， 促进休眠神经通路的激活