Multiplexed Frontal Cortex Organization for Flexibility in Short-Term Memory

多重额叶皮层组织可提高短期记忆的灵活性

• 批准号: 9123285
• 负责人: ABIGAIL L. NOYCE
• 金额: $ 5.61万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9123285
• 关键词: Accounting; Architecture; Area; Attention; Auditory; Behavior; Brain; Code; Cognitive; Craniocerebral Trauma; Data; Decision Making; Detection; Event; Exhibits; Face Processing; Female; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Human; Individual; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Lateral; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Linguistics; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Modality; Motor output; Multivariate Analysis; Nervous system structure; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Process; Production; Psychophysics; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Rest; Scheme; Scientist; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Traumatic Brain Injury; Vision; Visual; Visual impairment; Visuospatial; Work; auditory stimulus; career; cognitive ability; cognitive capacity; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive process; cognitive task; flexibility; frontal lobe; improved; inferior frontal sulcus; innovation; multisensory; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human lateral frontal cortex is instrumental in higher-order cognitive tasks, including attention, decision- making, planning, and working memory. Head trauma, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders can damage frontal lobe structures and disrupt these cognitive abilities. Individuals with severe impairments of vision or audition may also have abnormal frontal functionality arising from changes elsewhere in the nervous system. The proposed research will improve our understanding of the multiple cognitive capacities supported by lateral frontal cortex, while providing advanced research training for a young female scientist. The goal of this research is to better understand frontal lobe structures that support visual and auditory working memory, as recently identified by our laboratory. Prior research has shown that vision codes information about space more accurately than audition does, while audition codes information about timing more accurately than vision does. Intriguingly, recent work has also demonstrated crossmodal recruitment of these frontal areas, with visual-biased areas in the frontal lobe activated preferentially during purely auditory spatia tasks relative to auditory temporal tasks, and auditory-biased areas in the frontal lobe activated during visual temporal, but not visual spatial, tasks. The first Aim of this project is to understad how sensory-biased attention regions coexist in lateral frontal cortex alongside related areas that support multisensory, general working memory capacities. The second Aim is to understand when and how sensory-biased frontal areas are flexibly recruited for forms of information (i.e., space or timing). The proposed research will use fMRI to measure neural activity during visual, auditory, and crossmodal working memory for spatial and temporal information. Event-related analyses and multivariate searchlight techniques will be employed. Auditory and visual psychophysical experiments will also be conducted. These studies are innovative because they incorporate a memory component into studies of visual or auditory preference in the human brain. Understanding how the brain relies on the specialization of one sensory modality in order to remember information in another is relevant to a broader understanding of how humans learn and remember new information, and will improve our understanding of healthy neural functioning. By performing these experiments, the PI will be trained in cutting-edge fMRI techniques, as well as in auditory neuroscience, supporting her career goals of becoming an independent investigator in cognitive neuroscience.

 描述（由申请人提供）：人类外侧额叶皮层在高阶认知任务中起作用，包括注意力、决策、计划和工作记忆。头部创伤、中风和神经退行性疾病会损害额叶结构并破坏这些认知能力。视力或听力严重受损的人也可能因神经系统其他部位的变化而导致额叶功能异常。这项拟议中的研究将提高我们对侧额叶皮层支持的多种认知能力的理解，同时为年轻的女科学家提供先进的研究培训。这项研究的目的是更好地了解额叶的结构，支持视觉和听觉工作记忆，最近确定了我们的实验室。先前的研究表明，视觉比听觉更准确地编码关于空间的信息，而听觉比视觉更准确地编码关于时间的信息。有趣的是，最近的工作也表明这些额叶区的跨模态招聘，与视觉偏向的地区在额叶激活优先在纯粹的听觉空间任务相对于听觉时间的任务，和视觉偏向的地区在额叶激活视觉时间，但不是视觉空间，任务。本项目的第一个目的是了解感觉偏向的注意区域是如何与支持多感觉、一般工作记忆能力的相关区域共存的。第二个目标是了解感觉偏向的额叶区域何时以及如何灵活地被招募用于信息形式（即，空间或定时）。这项研究将使用功能磁共振成像来测量视觉，听觉和跨通道工作记忆的空间和时间信息的神经活动。将采用事件相关分析和多元探照灯技术。还将进行听觉和视觉心理物理实验。这些研究具有创新性，因为它们将记忆成分纳入了对人类大脑视觉或听觉偏好的研究中。了解大脑如何依赖于一种感觉模态的专门化来记住另一种感觉模态中的信息，这与更广泛地理解人类如何学习和记住新信息有关，并将提高我们对健康神经功能的理解。通过进行这些实验，PI将接受尖端功能磁共振成像技术以及听觉神经科学的培训，支持她成为认知神经科学独立研究者的职业目标。