Characterization of a newly-discovered cell type family in the retina

视网膜中新发现的细胞类型家族的表征

• 批准号: 8987424
• 负责人: David Leon Rousso
• 金额: $ 5.25万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-01 至 2016-10-08
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8987424
• 关键词: Address; Architecture; Area; Calcium; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Surface Proteins; Cells; Collaborations; Data; Dendritic Cells; Detection; Development; Developmental Gene; Electron Microscopy; Employee Strikes; Environment; Face; Family; Gene Expression; Individual; Interneurons; Light; Maps; Molecular; Monitor; Morphology; Motion; Movement; Nervous System Physiology; Neuraxis; Neurons; Nose; Pattern; Process; Property; Resolution; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Sensory; Sensory Process; Series; Stereotyping; Stimulus; Stratification; Synapses; Testing; Time; Tracer; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual Fields; Visual system structure; cell type; combinatorial; ganglion cell; loss of function; member; neural circuit; novel; object motion; parallel computer; parallel processing; presynaptic; public health relevance; receptive field; reconstruction; research study; response; transcription factor; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Precise connectivity between diverse neuronal subtypes is required for nervous system function. In the retina, progress has been made understanding how individual subtypes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) form lamina-restricted circuits with specific functions, like detection of object movement (termed direction selectivity [DS]). Less is known about the way closely related neuronal sets (families) are organized and connected to process related visual information. Recently, I discovered multiple members of a new RGC family, including two previously undescribed RGC subtypes. These cells show striking morphological and molecular similarity to a known DS cell called J-RGCs, but differ in their respective dendritic field areas. I call these new cells the "J-family". Because dendritic field ara correlates strongly with sensory acuity, the J-family may process object motion over a range of spatial resolutions. Here I propose a series of experiments to better understand this novel cell type family, including their relative organization, receptive field properties, and development. I will also test the role of candidate molecules in J-cell circuit formation and function. These studies will reveal fundamental principles in the development of a related neuronal set, and elucidate how similar aspects of sensory processing may be delegated across divergent cell type families in the CNS.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经系统功能需要不同神经元亚型之间的精确连接。在视网膜中，已经取得了进展，了解视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）的各个亚型如何形成具有特定功能的板层限制电路，如检测物体运动（称为方向选择性[DS]）。关于密切相关的神经元集合（家族）的组织和连接方式，以处理相关的视觉信息，我们知之甚少。最近，我发现了一个新的RGC家族的多个成员，包括两个以前未描述的RGC亚型。这些细胞与已知的称为J-RGC的DS细胞显示出惊人的形态和分子相似性，但在各自的树突状区域中不同。我称这些新细胞为“J家族”。由于树突场ara与感觉敏锐度密切相关，J家族可以在一定范围的空间分辨率上处理对象运动。在这里，我提出了一系列的实验，以更好地了解这种新的细胞类型的家庭，包括他们的相对组织，感受野的属性，和发展。我还将测试候选分子在J细胞回路形成和功能中的作用。这些研究将揭示相关神经元组发育的基本原理，并阐明感觉处理的相似方面如何在CNS中的不同细胞类型家族中被委派。